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. 2025 Sep 18;16:1636987. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1636987

Table 1.

Demographics.

M (SD) or N (%)
Males (N = 123) Females (N = 52)
Age (years) 21.9 (12.4) 21.4 (14.1)
FMRP (pico molar)* 1.5 (3.0) 21.5 (7.7)
Race
 Asian-American/Pacific Islander 1 (0.8%) 2 (3.9%)
 Black 3 (2.4%) 1 (1.9%)
 Multiracial 1 (0.8%) 0 (0%)
 White 118 (95.9%) 49 (94.2%)
Ethnicity
 Hispanic or Latino 6 (5.0%) 2 (3.8%)
 Non-Hispanic or Latino 115 (95.0%) 50 (96.2%)
Caregiver 1 Highest Education
 High school graduate 12 (9.8%) 2 (3.8%)
 Some college 23 (18.7%) 6 (11.5%)
 College 29 (23.6%) 15 (28.8%)
 Postgraduate 26 (21.1%) 15 (28.8%)
 Missing data 33 (26.8%) 14 (26.9%)
Caregiver 2 Highest Education
 High school graduate 12 (9.8%) 4 (7.7%)
 Some college 17 (13.8%) 8 (15.4%)
 College 29 (23.6%) 14 (26.9%)
 Postgraduate 23 (18.7%) 10 (19.2%)
 Missing data 42 (34.1%) 16 (30.8%)
Household Income
 ≤ $20,000 7 (5.7%) 5 (9.6%)
 $20,001 - $40,000 5 (4.1%) 1 (1.9%)
 $40,001 - $60,000 5 (4.1%) 4 (7.7%)
 $60,001 - $90,000 19 (15.4%) 8 (15.4%)
 ≥ $90,001 47 (38.2%) 21 (40.4%)
 Missing data 40 (32.5%) 13 (25.0%)
Stanford-Binet 5
 Full-Scale Deviation IQ* 41 (21) 78 (18)
 Verbal Deviation IQ* 41 (21) 79 (18)
 Nonverbal Deviation IQ* 41 (23) 76 (21)
Vineland-3
 Adaptive Behavior Composite* 45 (19) 81 (16)
 Communication* 37 (19) 77 (22)
 Daily Living Skills* 48 (21) 85 (15)
 Socialization* 49 (22) 85 (17)
COI
 Overall 66 (26) 66 (26)
 Social and economic 64 (27) 64 (27)
 Health and environment 63 (24) 63 (25)
 Education 68 (26) 68 (25)

Caregiver 1 and Caregiver 2 labels reflect the primary and secondary caregiver (e.g., mother and father, mother and grandparent); For participants represented across multiple visits, only values for their most recent visit are reported for this table. * Denotes males vs. female comparison significant at p <.05; Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; N, sample size; FMRP, fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein; COI, Child Opportunity Index 3.0.