Table 2.

Summarizing some of the synthetic products for AMPK activation in T2DM treatment.

No	Compound	Mechanism of Action	Clinical Use and Notes
1	Metformin	Indirectly activates AMPK by inhibiting mitochondrial function, which increases the AMP/ATP ratio.	A first-line antidiabetic drug used to reduce hepatic glucose production and enhance peripheral insulin sensitivity.
2	Thienopyridone (A-769662)	By directly binding to the β-subunit of AMPK to allosterically activate it.	Investigated as a direct activator of AMPK.
3	Salicylates	Activate AMPK by direct binding.	Salicylate is the active breakdown product of aspirin.