Two views of the force field F. The abscissa and ordinate scale are the normalized numbers of molecules for X and Y: u = σnx, v = σny. (A) a = 0.1, b = 0.1. Thus (uss, vss) = (0.2, 2.5), α = 0; the steady state is attractive. (B) a = 0.08, b = 0.1. Thus (uss, vss) = (0.18, 3.1), α = 3.4: the steady state (the black dot) is unstable. The closed loop is attractive when α > 1 (bifurcation).