. 2025 Oct 2;25:1309. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07826-z

Table 4.

Results of the mediation effect test for learning motivation

Facets	Steps	Implicit variables	Independent variables	R	R-sq	F	β	t	Type of mediation
TQ	initial step	LO	TQ	0.615	0.378	316.986***	0.601	17.804***	partial mediation
	second step	LM	TQ	0.624	0.390	332.521***	0.592	18.235***
	third step	LO	TQ	0.756	0.571	346.571***	0.258	7.184***
	third step	LO	LM	0.756	0.571	346.571***	0.579	15.305***
EE	initial step	LO	EE	0.557	0.311	234.806***	0.514	15.323***	partial mediation
	second step	LM	EE	0.520	0.270	192.750***	0.465	13.883***
	third step	LO	EE	0.757	0.573	348.829***	0.227	7.330***
	third step	LO	LM	0.757	0.573	348.829***	0.617	17.871***

TQ, teaching quality; LM, learning motivation; LA, learning attitude; LS, learning satisfaction; EE, external environment; LO, learning outcomes

***At the 0.001 level (2 tailed), the correlation was significant