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. 2025 Oct 2;25:746. doi: 10.1186/s12887-025-06085-7

Table 2.

Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort

Characteristic Training Cohort Validation Cohort P Value
(n = 119) (n = 51)
Age, mean ± SD, y 4.82 ± 3.19 4.97 ± 2.56 0.54
Gender 0.86
 Female 50 (42%) 20 (39.2%)
 Male 69 (58%) 31 (60.8%)
Basic disease 0.96
 No 103 (86.6%) 50 (98%)
 Yes a 16 (13.4%) 6 (11.8%)
Disease type 0.76
 Severe 63 (52.9%) 29 (56.9%)
 Critical 56 (47.1%) 22 (43.1%)

aPatients with 1 of the following: Chronic lung disease, cardiovascular diseases, Digestive system disease, Neuro/neuromuscular diseases, Hereditary metabolic diseases, Developmental delay/precocity, Low immune function (tumor, blood tumor disease, transplantation, HIV, etc.), mental illness, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc