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. 2025 Oct 3;52(5):55. doi: 10.1007/s10928-025-10003-w

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Final population PK and Markov model. Two-compartment ADC model with parallel linear and Michaelis–Menten elimination, a delay compartment, and a one-compartment unconjugated MMAE model 19. ADC, antibody–drug conjugate; CL, clearance; DAR, drug-to-antibody ratio; FR1, fraction of nonspecific elimination directed to the central compartment; FR2, fraction directed to the delay compartment; ktr, delay compartment rate constant; E_max, maximum effect; KM, Michaelis constant; MMAE, monomethyl auristatin E; PK, pharmacokinetics; Q, intercompartmental clearance; Vc, central volume of distribution; V_max, maximum Michaelis–Menten elimination rate; V_MMAE, apparent MMAE central volume of distribution; Vp, peripheral volume of distribution; Pr, probability; , ADC effect compartment rate constant

Inline graphic — Final population PK and Markov model. Two-compartment ADC model with parallel linear and Michaelis–Menten elimination, a delay compartment, and a one-compartment unconjugated MMAE model 19. ADC, antibody–drug conjugate; CL, clearance; DAR, drug-to-antibody ratio; FR1, fraction of nonspecific elimination directed to the central compartment; FR2, fraction directed to the delay compartment; ktr, delay compartment rate constant; E_max, maximum effect; KM, Michaelis constant; MMAE, monomethyl auristatin E; PK, pharmacokinetics; Q, intercompartmental clearance; Vc, central volume of distribution; V_max, maximum Michaelis–Menten elimination rate; V_MMAE, apparent MMAE central volume of distribution; Vp, peripheral volume of distribution; Pr, probability; , ADC effect compartment rate constant