Skip to main content
. 2025 Oct 3;17:382. doi: 10.1186/s13098-025-01947-7

Table 2.

Association of CTI with all-cause and CVD mortality in CKM syndrome stages 0–3

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
HR (95%CI) P-value HR (95%CI) P-value HR (95%CI) P-value
All-cause mortality
 Per unit 1.32(1.23,1.41) < 0.001 1.24(1.15,1.34) < 0.001 1.56(1.36,1.78) < 0.001
 Per SD 1.30(1.22,1.38) < 0.001 1.22(1.14,1.32) < 0.001 1.51(1.33,1.72) < 0.001
 Q1 Ref Ref Ref
 Q2 1.18(0.96,1.46) 0.12 1.19(0.94,1.50) 0.15 1.32(1.05,1.65) 0.02
 Q3 1.30(1.06,1.60) 0.01 1.30(1.04,1.62) 0.02 1.52(1.23,1.88) < 0.001
 Q4 1.72(1.43,2.08) < 0.001 1.54(1.24,1.90) < 0.001 1.83(1.43,2.34) < 0.001
 P for trend < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
CVD mortality
 Per unit 1.41(1.22,1.63) < 0.001 1.35(1.15,1.58) < 0.001 2.03(1.49,2.77) < 0.001
 Per SD 1.38(1.20,1.58) < 0.001 1.32(1.14,1.53) < 0.001 1.94(1.45,2.59) < 0.001
 Q1 Ref Ref Ref
 Q2 1.22(0.84,1.78) 0.30 1.30(0.83,2.01) 0.25 1.55(0.99,2.43) 0.06
 Q3 1.69(1.19,2.40) 0.003 1.79(1.17,2.73) 0.01 2.35(1.45,3.81) < 0.001
 Q4 1.86(1.27,2.73) 0.001 1.82(1.17,2.84) 0.01 2.64(1.55,4.47) < 0.001
 P for trend < 0.001 0.004 < 0.001

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, and race

Model 2: further adjusted for marital status, education level, family poverty-income ratio, smoking status, alcohol use, BMI, and HEI score

Model 3: further adjusted for HbA1c, TC, HDL, LDL, serum uric acid, eGFR, drugs for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes