Table 1.
Participant characteristics by nicotine use status
| Variable | Never users (N = 6748) | Exclusive E-cigarette users (N = 520) | Exclusive cigarette users (N = 1732) | All (N = 9000) | χ2, P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group, n (%) | χ2 = 167.12, p < 0.001 | ||||
| 16–24 | 581 (8.6) | 26 (5.0) | 135 (7.8) | 742 (8.2) | |
| 25–34 | 854 (12.7) | 81 (15.6) | 297 (17.2) | 1232 (13.7) | |
| 35–44 | 983 (14.6) | 94 (18.1) | 289 (16.7) | 1366 (15.2) | |
| 45–54 | 1149 (17.0) | 123 (23.7) | 359 (20.7) | 1631 (18.1) | |
| 55–64 | 1216 (18.0) | 113 (21.7) | 327 (18.9) | 1656 (18.4) | |
| 65–74 | 1129 (16.7) | 73 (14.0) | 220 (12.7) | 1422 (15.8) | |
| 75+ | 836 (12.4) | 10 (1.9) | 105 (6.1) | 951 (10.6) | |
| Sex, n (%) | χ2 = 20.91, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 2748 (40.7) | 235 (45.2) | 805 (46.5) | 3788 (42.1) | |
| Female | 4000 (59.3) | 285 (54.8) | 927 (53.5) | 5212 (57.9) | |
| Deprivation, n (%) | χ2 = 613.44, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Most Deprived | 840 (12.5) | 122 (23.4) | 543 (31.4) | 1505 (16.7) | |
| 2 | 1198 (17.8) | 147 (28.2) | 437 (25.2) | 1782 (19.8) | |
| 3 | 1387 (20.5) | 109 (21.0) | 338 (19.5) | 1834 (20.4) | |
| 4 | 1629 (24.1) | 71 (13.7) | 239 (13.8) | 1939 (21.5) | |
| Least Deprived | 1694 (25.1) | 71 (13.7) | 175 (10.1) | 1940 (21.6) | |
| Has longstanding illness, n (%) | χ2 = 88.49, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 3026 (44.8) | 267 (51.3) | 992 (57.3) | 4285 (47.6) | |
| No | 3722 (55.2) | 253 (48.7) | 740 (42.7) | 4715 (52.4) | |
| Doctor diagnosed COPD, n (%) | χ2 = 350.97, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 90 (1.3) | 28 (5.4) | 177 (10.2) | 295 (3.3) | |
| No | 6658 (98.7) | 492 (94.6) | 1555 (89.8) | 8705 (96.7) | |
| Doctor diagnosed Asthma, n (%) | χ2 = 21.23, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 1027 (15.2) | 64 (12.3) | 332 (19.2) | 1423 (15.8) | |
| No | 5721 (84.8) | 456 (87.7) | 1400 (80.8) | 7577 (84.2) | |
| Self-rated general health, n (%) | χ2 = 402.19, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Very good / good | 5174 (76.7) | 341 (65.6) | 957 (55.2) | 6472 (71.9) | |
| Fair | 1181 (17.5) | 119 (22.9) | 462 (26.7) | 1762 (19.6) | |
| Bad / very bad | 393 (5.8) | 60 (11.5) | 313 (18.1) | 766 (8.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption in the last 12 months, n (%) | χ2 = 7.74, p = 0.102 | ||||
| Almost daily to weekly drinking | 3307 (49.0) | 257 (49.4) | 833 (48.2) | 4397 (48.9) | |
| Monthly or occasional | 2204 (32.7) | 177 (34.1) | 537 (31.1) | 2918 (32.5) | |
| Non-drinker | 1237 (18.3) | 86 (16.5) | 359 (20.7) | 1676 (18.6) | |
| Age of smoking initiation, n (%) | Fisher exact p < 0.001 | ||||
| Early starters (≤ 16 years) | 0 (0.00) | 277 (53.2) | 1032 (59.6) | 1309 (14.5) | |
| Late starters (> 16 years) | 0 (0.00) | 189 (36.4) | 686 (39.6) | 875 (9.7) | |
| Missing/Not applicable | 6748 (100.0) | 54 (10.4) | 14 (0.8) | 6816 (75.7) | |
| Second-hand smoke, n (%) | χ2 = 716.66, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Not exposed | 5333 (79.0) | 347 (66.7) | 812 (46.9) | 6492 (72.1) | |
| Exposed | 1415 (21.0) | 173 (33.3) | 920 (53.1) | 2508 (27.9) | |
| Has wheezing in the last 12 months, n (%) | χ2 = 455.87, p < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 769 (11.4) | 91 (17.5) | 560 (32.3) | 1420 (15.8) | |
| No | 5979 (88.6) | 429 (82.5) | 1172 (67.7) | 7580 (84.2) |