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. 2025 Sep 22;16:1655598. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1655598

Table 1.

Demographic characteristics of 86 TED patients.

Parameter TED patients (n = 86)
Age (years) 45.24 ± 10.78
Gender (f/m, n, %) 46 (53.5)/40 (46.5)
TED duration (months) 23.5 (10.0, 40.3)
Hyperthyroidism duration (months) 11.5 (0.0, 39.5)
Hyperthyroidism with a TRAb-negative history (n, %) 53 (61.6)
Treatment of hyperthyroidism
 No current therapy (n, %) 17 (32.1)
 Antithyroid drugs (n, %) 28 (52.8)
  Currently on oral antithyroid drug therapy (n, %) 23 (43.4)
  MMI (mg/d) 0.00 (0.00, 1.56)
 RAI therapy (n, %) 8 (15.1)
  Hypothyroidism occurs after RAI therapy (n, %) 5 (62.5)
 Thyroid surgery (n, %) 0 (0.0)
History of hypothyroidism (n, %) 16 (18.6)
 Currently on levothyroxine treatment (n, %) 14 (87.5)
 Levothyroxine (μg/d) 0 (0, 0)
History of thyroid malignancy (n, %) 7 (8.1)
Combined HT (n, %) 34 (39.5)
Combined hypertension (n, %) 11 (12.8)
Combined diabetes (n, %) 9 (10.5)
Smoker (n, %) 22 (25.6)
No immunosuppressive therapy in the last 3 months (n, %) 58 (67.4)

Values are presented as mean ± SD or median (25th percentile, 75th percentile), or number, percentage (n, %), according to distribution; Smoker was defined as having smoked more than 100 cigarettes in a lifetime. Abbreviations: TED denotes thyroid eye disease; MMI methimazole; RAI radioactive iodine.