Table 5.

Linear regression analysis between ALPS levels and echocardiographic findings among PFO patients.

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	β (95% CI)	p-values	β (95% CI)	p-values	β (95% CI)	p-values
PFO tunnel length (mm)	−0.007 (−0.012, −0.002)	0.004	−0.017 (−0.028, −0.006)	0.003	−0.024 (−0.041, −0.007)	0.006
PFO tunnel diameter (mm)	−0.015 (−0.025, −0.005)	0.008	−0.024 (−0.048, 0.000)	0.052	−0.156 (−0.744, 0.432)	0.603

Model 1, unadjusted model; Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, BMI; Model 3, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and education duration.

Bold values indicate statistically significant results, representing positive/meaningful findings (^*p < 0.05).