Table 1.
Comparison of sleep quality differences among older adults with different demographic characteristics.
| Variables | Total (n = 14,021) | Good sleep quality (n = 10,603) | Poor sleep quality (n = 3,418) | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 71.00 (66.00–76.00) | 70.00 (66.00–76.00) | 72.00 (67.00–77.00) | Z = −9.78 | <0.01 |
| Gender | χ2 = 92.77 | <0.01 | |||
| Male | 7,100 (50.64) | 5,614 (52.95) | 1,486 (43.48) | ||
| Female | 6,921 (49.36) | 4,989 (47.05) | 1932 (56.52) | ||
| Educational level | χ2 = 22.43 | <0.01 | |||
| Below Junior High School and Junior High School | 12,164 (86.94) | 9,120 (86.18) | 3,044 (89.32) | ||
| Above Junior High School | 1827 (13.06) | 1,463 (13.82) | 364 (10.68) | ||
| Type of residence | χ2 = 71.76 | <0.01 | |||
| Urban | 7,157 (51.04) | 5,197 (49.01) | 1960 (57.34) | ||
| Rural | 6,864 (48.96) | 5,406 (50.99) | 1,458 (42.66) | ||
| Living pattern | χ2 = 52.91 | <0.01 | |||
| Living with family members | 12,858 (92.09) | 9,705 (91.89) | 3,153 (92.71) | ||
| Living alone | 784 (5.61) | 562 (5.32) | 222 (6.53) | ||
| Living in a nursing home | 321 (2.30) | 295 (2.79) | 26 (0.76) | ||
| Average monthly Per Capita family income | χ2 = 35.99 | <0.01 | |||
| ≥2000 Yuan | 7,201 (51.36) | 5,598 (52.80) | 1,603 (46.90) | ||
| <2000 Yuan | 6,820 (48.64) | 5,005 (47.20) | 1815 (53.10) | ||
| Alcohol consumption status | χ2 = 29.09 | <0.01 | |||
| Non-drinker | 12,209 (87.13) | 9,139 (86.27) | 3,070 (89.82) | ||
| Drinker | 1803 (12.87) | 1,455 (13.73) | 348 (10.18) | ||
| Smoking status | χ2 = 8.85 | 0.003 | |||
| Non-smoker | 11,521 (82.40) | 8,651 (81.86) | 2,870 (84.09) | ||
| Smoker | 2,460 (17.60) | 1917 (18.14) | 543 (15.91) | ||
| Participation in social activities | χ2 = 71.13 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 8,828 (62.96) | 6,883 (64.92) | 1945 (56.90) | ||
| No | 5,193 (37.04) | 3,720 (35.08) | 1,473 (43.10) | ||
| Annual physical examination | χ2 = 53.93 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 7,098 (50.62) | 5,181 (48.86) | 1917 (56.09) | ||
| No | 6,923 (49.38) | 5,422 (51.14) | 1,501 (43.91) | ||
| Physical exercise | χ2 = 14.07 | <0.01 | |||
| Yes | 10,655 (75.99) | 8,139 (76.76) | 2,516 (73.61) | ||
| No | 3,366 (24.01) | 2,464 (23.24) | 902 (26.39) | ||
| Social support status | χ2 = 30.45 | <0.01 | |||
| Sufficient | 12,541 (89.44) | 9,570 (90.26) | 2,971 (86.92) | ||
| Lack | 1,480 (10.56) | 1,033 (9.74) | 447 (13.08) | ||
| Nutritional status | χ2 = 7.36 | 0.025 | |||
| Good nutritional status | 4,773 (34.04) | 3,612 (34.07) | 1,161 (33.97) | ||
| At Risk of malnutrition | 7,816 (55.74) | 5,868 (55.34) | 1948 (56.99) | ||
| Malnutrition | 1,432 (10.21) | 1,123 (10.59) | 309 (9.04) | ||
| Degree of frailty | χ2 = 1340.21 | <0.01 | |||
| No frailty | 8,269 (58.98) | 7,133 (67.27) | 1,136 (33.24) | ||
| Pre-frailty | 3,794 (27.06) | 2,445 (23.06) | 1,439 (39.47) | ||
| Frailty state | 1958 (13.96) | 1,025 (9.67) | 933 (27.30) |