Table 7.

Explainability analysis for critical skin lesion classes.

Class	Model focus (Grad-CAM)	ViT attention focus	Clinical relevance
Melanoma	Irregular borders, dark pigment clusters	High attention to asymmetry and color variegation	Aligns with ABCD rule (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter) for malignancy detection
BCC	Ulceration, arborizing vessels	Focus on shiny white areas and telangiectasia	Matches dermoscopic criteria for basal cell carcinoma
Nevi	Homogeneous pigment, smooth borders	Uniform attention across lesion	Consistent with benign features
Vascular	Red-blue lacunae, diffuse redness	Attention to vascular morphology	Correlates with diagnostic patterns in vascular lesions (e.g., lacunar structures)
Dermatofibroma	Central white scar-like patch	Peripheral network-like structures	Reflects hallmark “central white patch” feature used in clinical diagnosis