Table 8.

Statistical comparison of the hybrid model vs. DenseNet169 and enhanced ViT on ISIC 2018 dataset.

Metric	DenseNet169 vs. hybrid	Enhanced VIT vs. hybrid	Significance threshold
Accuracy	p = 0.0024 **	p = 0.0081 **	α = 0.01
Sensitivity	p = 0.0047 **	p = 0.0125 *	α = 0.05
Specificity	p = 0.032 *	p = 0.041 *	α = 0.05
McNemar’s test	p = 0.0028 **	p = 0.0064 **	α = 0.01