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. 2025 Oct 6;9:203. doi: 10.1038/s41538-025-00572-y

Table 4.

Sensory properties of beef burger incorporated with different quantities of coffee cherry pulp (CCPP) as fat replacer

Treatments Appearance Color Texture Juiciness Flavor Overall acceptability
Control 7.50c ± 0.27 8.00b ± 0.65 8.00b ± 0.67 6.70 d ± 0.43 7.50c ± 0.98 7.54b ± 0.55
T1* 7.65c ± 0.56 8.15ab ± 0.78 8.10b ± 0.86 7.50c ± 0.38 7.60c ± 0.65 7.80b ± 0.92
T2* 8.20a ± 0.78 8.35a ± 0.59 8.35ab ± 0.54 8.20b ± 0.89 8.15ab ± 0.68 8.25a ± 0.52
T3* 8.00b ± 0.63 7.80bc ± 0.98 8.45a ± 0.98 8.50ab ± 0.87 8.35a ± 0.37 8.22a ± 0.51
T4* 8.00b ± 0.70 7.50c ± 0.85 8.50a ± 0.79 8.65a ± 0.32 8.10b±0.39 8.15ab ± 0.42

Values are Mean ± standard deviation of five replicates. Means in the same column with different letters are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05).

For treatments T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 the beef fat was replaced with hydrated coffee cherry pulp powder at levels of 25, 50,75, and 100% respectively.