. 2025 Aug 9;18(8):2230–2240. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.2230-2240

Table 5.

Effects of lemuru fish oil, selenium (Se), and vitamin E on the physiological response of male lambs.

Parameters	Time observation	CNT	LO	LOE	LOS	LOES	Average
Heart rate (beats/min)	Morning	116.45 ± 7.06	93.55 ± 11.90	91.39 ± 8.25	89.59 ± 18.22	88.05 ± 11.93	99.20^B
	Noon	125.53 ± 11.43	107.06 ± 8.03	102.6250 ± 9.37	100.81 ± 12.24	97.78 ± 10.56	110.01^A
	Afternoon	118.86 ± 10.34	109.57 ± 9.22	105.7488 ± 9.42	105.63 ± 14.03	102.68 ± 13.74	109.74^A
	Average	120.35 ± 10.31^A	103.39 ± 11.81^B	99.92 ± 10.68^BC	98.57 ± 16.00^BC	96.17 ± 13.17^C
Respiratory rate (breaths/min)	Morning	40.42 ± 1.68	38.50 ± 2.76	37.25 ± 3.76	39.00 ± 3.65	37.41 ± 3.59	38.86^C
	Noon	77.58 ± 3.29	81.00 ± 8.35	78.38 ± 9.34	75.74 ± 9.43	69.69 ± 13.85	76.32^A
	Afternoon	52.29 ± 4.26	52.01 ± 1.81	57.42 ± 3.80	54.82 ± 7.53	55.80 ± 3.89	54.29^B
	Average	56.76 ± 15.9	55.00 ± 18.23	57.68 ± 18.15	54.50 ± 16.18	54.30 ± 15.79
Rectal temperature (°C)	Morning	37.62 ± 0.43	37.41 ± 0.37	37.35 ± 0.61	37.10 ± 0.28	37.25 ± 0.47	37.40^B
	Noon	38.77 ± 0.38	38.41 ± 0.14	38.41 ± 0.23	38.45 ± 0.21	38.55 ± 0.11	38.57^A
	Afternoon	38.93 ± 0.52	38.48 ± 0.13	38.42 ± 0.24	38.33 ± 0.28	38.40 ± 0.22	38.58^A
	Average	38.43 ± 0.72^A	38.10 ± 0.55^B	38.06 ± 0.64^B	38.03 ± 0.64^B	38.05 ± 0.67^B

CNT=Control concentrate, LO=Control concentrate + lemuru fish oil 6%, LOE=LO + Vitamin E 500 IU, LOS=LO + Se 0.50 ppm, LOES=LO + Vitamin E 500 IU + Se 0.50 ppm. The same superscript in the same row indicates significant differences (p < 0.01) for treatments. The same superscript in the same column indicates significant differences (p < 0.01) for observation time