Fig. 4. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels and gene expression analysis in PA-treated HepG2 cells with and without PREPi treatment. (A) Analysis of ROS levels in all three treatment groups of HepG2 cells using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). (B) Mean relative mRNA expression analysis of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) using RT-qPCR (C) mean relative mRNA expression analysis of IL-1 (Interleukin-1) using RT-qPCR. (D) Mean relative mRNA expression analysis of IL-6 (Interleukin-6) using RT-qPCR. (E) Mean relative mRNA expression analysis of TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) using RT-qPCR. All data are presented as means ± SD. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***), p < 0.0001 (****), “ns” denotes non-significant differences.
