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. 2025 Oct 6;25:455. doi: 10.1186/s12893-025-03198-9

Table 5.

Ablation study highlighting the contribution of the proposed loss strategy

Loss avg error(pixels) rmse(pixels) bad-5(%) a90(pixels)
Supervised 19.721 9.217 22.43 24.249
Unsupervised 20.448 10.238 23.63 26.429
Hybrid 18.651 7.887 21.98 25.022