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. 2025 Oct 6;25:1308. doi: 10.1186/s12913-025-13151-4

Table 2.

Probability of having multiple mental health service utilisation in refugees who ever utilised services is modelled, controlling for covariates

Parameter Estimate Standard Wald 95% Confidence Limits Wald Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq
Error *IRR 95%CI
Intercept −1.57 0.16 −1.88 −1.26 97.84 < 0.0001 - -
Group (Ref: quota) Non-resident asylum seekers 0.93 0.12 0.69 1.16 60.51 < 0.0001 2.52 2.00,3.19
Resident asylum seekers 0.40 0.16 0.09 0.70 6.37 0.012 1.49 1.09,2.02
Convention 0.31 0.06 0.19 0.43 24.69 < 0.0001 1.36 1.21,1.54
Family 0.53 0.10 0.32 0.73 25.17 < 0.0001 1.69 1.38,2.08
Quota 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -
Sex (Ref: male) Female 0.21 0.04 0.13 0.29 28.60 < 0.0001 0.81 0.75,0.88
Male 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -
Age group (ref: ≥55) 16–24 0.03 0.10 −0.22 0.16 0.08 0.775 0.97 0.81,1.17
25–34 0.07 0.09 −0.11 0.26 0.56 0.456 1.07 0.89,1.29
35–44 0.31 0.10 0.12 0.49 10.21 0.001 1.36 1.13,1.64
45–54 0.16 0.10 −0.04 0.36 2.35 0.126 1.17 0.96,1.44
≥ 55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -

Index of multiple deprivation (IMD)

Ref = Lo

High 0.40 0.09 −0.58 −0.22 18.15 < 0.0001 2.01 1.79,2.25
Medium 0.35 0.10 −0.54 −0.16 12.48 0.000 0.95 0.86,1.05
Missing 0.35 0.10 0.15 0.54 12.33 0.000 1.42 1.17,1.72
Low 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -
$MELAA Yes 0.09 0.09 −0.10 0.27 0.87 0.352 1.09 0.91,1.31
No 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -
Asian Yes 0.17 0.09 −0.36 0.01 3.39 0.066 0.84 0.7,1.01
No 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.00 -

*Incidence rate ratio (adjusted); $MELAA: Middle Eastern, Latin American, and African