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. 2025 Oct 7;15:35025. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21291-0

Table 3.

Antifungal activity of the aqueous extract from Solanum nigrum leaves.

Extract concentration
(µg/mL)
Fungal growth inhibition (%)
Phoma spp. Pythium tardicrescens Fusarium circinatum
1000 37.40a ± 8.63 43.33b ± 1.11 72.22a ± 1.11
500 21.48b ± 1.28 40.00c ± 1.11 64.07b ± 0.64
250 17.03b ± 1.69 37.03d ± 0.64 52.96c ± 0.64
125 2.96c ± 1.69 34.07e ± 1.69 50.37d ± 0.64
Negative control 0.00c 0.00f 0.00f
Positive control 36.29a ± 2.79 55.18a ± 0.64 48.14e ± 1.28

Values are means ± SD; Means with the same letter are not significantly different according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Positive Control: Cure-M 72% WP (Mancozeb 64%+Metaxyl 8%); Negative Control: 10% DMSO.