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. 2025 Oct 7;15:34937. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-18691-7

Table 2.

Volatile compounds identified through HS-GC-MS from noni juice, pineapple juice, and mixtures of the two juices (including Rotovap fractions).

Pk # Ret. time LRI (HP5-MS) Compound Descriptors Average Abundance (total ion current × 107)
100 P 10 OGN 10 RVN 20 OGN 20 RVN OGN RVN Fraction
1 2.19 608 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol Fruity 5.2 ± 2.3a 4.6 ± 0.1a
2 2.20 610 Ethyl acetate Solvent-like, fruity 35.1 ± 0.2a 22.6 ± 0.1b 25.1 ± 2.5b 16.9 ± 0.2c 15.3 ± 0.3c
3 2.30 620 Isobutanol Wine, solvent, bitter 0.3 ± 0.0b 0.4 ± 0.0b 1.7 ± 0.7ab 1.9 ± 0.0a
4 2.53 647 Isopentanal Gasoline-like 0.2 ± 0.2a
5 2.60 656 1-Butanol Fruity 1.1 ± 0.0b 2.1 ± 0.1b 10.1 ± 3.4a 12.6 ± 0.3a
6 2.86 686 2-Pentanone Acetone like 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.1 ± 0.0c 1.3 ± 0.0a 0.2 ± 0.0b
7 2.98 700 Pentanal Pungent, almond-like 0.7 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.0b
8 3.19 715 1-Propyl acetate Mild, fruity 0.7 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0b 0.4 ± 0.0b 0.3 ± 0.0c 0.2 ± 0.0c
9 3.30 722 Methyl butanoate Fruity, sweet 0.6 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0b 0.3 ± 0.0bc 0.3 ± 0.0c 0.2 ± 0.0d
10 3.39 728 2-Methyl-1-buten-4-ol Sweet, fruity 1.7 ± 0.0b 3.4 ± 0.1b 16.2 ± 5.3a 21.0 ± 0.5a
11 3.50 736 2-Methyl-1-butanol Ripe fruit 0.3 ± 0.0d 0.7 ± 0.0d 5.8 ± 0.1a 4.3 ± 0.1b
12 3.83 759 Ethyl isobutanoate Sweet, fruity 0.0 ± 0.0a 0.3 ± 0.2a
13 3.95 766 1-Pentanol Pungent, alcohol-like 0.1 ± 0.1a 0.1 ± 0.0a
14 4.06 774 Isobutyl acetate Fruit, apple, banana 0.2 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.0b 0.1 ± 0.0b 0.1 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0d
15 4.07 775 Prenol Fruity 0.1 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.0a
16 4.11 778 Methyl 2-methylbutanoate Fruity, pineapple 0.8 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0bc 0.4 ± 0.0b 0.3 ± 0.0 cd 0.2 ± 0.0d
17 4.25 787 Diethyl carbonate Mild, fruity 0.1 ± 0.0a 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0bc 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.0 ± 0.0d
18 4.49 803 Ethyl butanoate Sweet, fruity 0.8 ± 0.0b 0.5 ± 0.0c 0.4 ± 0.0d 0.3 ± 0.0e 0.2 ± 0.0f 3.0 ± 0.0a 0.3 ± 0.0ef
19 4.72 816 Butyl ethanoate Fruity 0.1 ± 0.0a
20 5.03 834 Furfural Sweet, bread, almond 0.1 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.0a
21 5.33 852 Ethyl 2-methylbutanoate Fruity 0.6 ± 0.0a 0.3 ± 0.0b 0.3 ± 0.0b 0.2 ± 0.0c 0.1 ± 0.0d
22 5.33 852 (E)-Hex-3-en-1-ol Moss, fresh 0.3 ± 0.1a 0.2 ± 0.0a
23 5.38 855 (Z)-Hex-3-en-1-ol Grass 0.1 ± 0.1a 0.1 ± 0.0a
24 5.63 869 1-Hexanol Green 3.2 ± 0.0d 6.0 ± 0.1c 43.0 ± 0.3a 39.4 ± 0.6b
25 5.79 878 Isoamyl acetate Banana 0.5 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0b 0.2 ± 0.0d 0.3 ± 0.0c 0.1 ± 0.0e
26 5.93 887 3-Methyl-3-buten-1-ol, acetate Fruity 0.1 ± 0.1a 0.1 ± 0.0a
27 6.02 891 2-Heptanone Soapy, fruity 0.2 ± 0.0a 0.3 ± 0.0a 3.4 ± 1.5a 2.0 ± 0.0a
28 6.18 901 2-Heptanol Sweet, floral, fruity 0.1 ± 0.0c 0.2 ± 0.0c 2.3 ± 0.1a 1.7 ± 0.1b
29 6.21 903 Ethyl pentanoate Fruity 0.0 ± 0.0a
30 6.62 926 Methyl hexanoate Fruity, fresh, sweet 0.9 ± 0.0a 0.6 ± 0.0ab 0.1 ± 0.1b 0.4 ± 0.0ab 0.2 ± 0.0b 0.6 ± 0.3ab 0.1 ± 0.0b
31 7.59 982 Hexanoic acid Rancid, pungent, unpleasant 5.7 ± 0.2b 8.1 ± 0.6a
32 7.90 1000 Ethyl hexanoate Fruity 2.5 ± 0.0a 1.8 ± 0.0ab 0.4 ± 0.4d 1.2 ± 0.0bc 0.7 ± 0.1 cd
33 8.07 1010 (E)-Ethyl-3-hexenoate Green, fruity 0.0 ± 0.0a
34 8.34 1027 Methyl 3-methylthiopropanoate Sulfurous, fruity 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0b 0.1 ± 0.0a
35 9.07 1072 1-Octanol Sweet, floral, fruity 0.2 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.1a
36 9.56 1101 Linalool Flowery 0.5 ± 0.0a 0.4 ± 0.0b
37 9.57 1102 Ethyl 3-methylthiopropanoate Pineapple-like 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.1 ± 0.0b 0.0 ± 0.0c 0.1 ± 0.0a 0.0 ± 0.0c
38 9.93 1126 Methyl octanoate Fruity 0.0 ± 0.0a 0.0 ± 0.0a 0.1 ± 0.0a
39 10.65 1172 Octanoic acid Sweaty 0.0 ± 0.0c 4.3 ± 0.3b 6.5 ± 0.4a
40 11.00 1196 Ethyl octanoate Fruity, fatty 0.1 ± 0.0b 0.1 ± 0.0b 0.6 ± 0.0a 0.5 ± 0.1a

The letters indicate significant differences in volatiles between the juice samples (ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD, p < 0.05).