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. 2025 Oct 7;15:34917. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-18672-w

Table 4.

Comparison of deep learning models on their parameters, complexity, strengths, and weaknesses.

Model Parameters (MB) Complexity Strengths Weaknesses
Total Trainable
Inception—ResNet v2 0.29 3.01 Complex (164 layers) Simple and fast Low accuracy, overfitting risk
Vgg19 77.4 1.01 Very Deep (19 layers) High accuracy Very deep, computationally expensive
ResNet101 163.2 513.27 Deep (101 layers) High generalizability Requires training time
Inception v3 87.18 4.01 Complex (48 layers) Efficient feature Extraction Overfitting risk
Xception 80.08 513.27 Complex (312 layers) depth-wise separable convolutions Computational complexity
Inception-ResNet v2 0.29 3.01 Complex (164 layers) Simple and fast Low accuracy, overfitting risk
SSDHR classifier 11.62 11.61 Highly customizable, High accuracy Less computational complexity