Table 4.
Antibody-conjugated nanocapsules for brain cancer treatment
| Type of polymer used | Antibody conjugated + target receptor | Encapsulated Compound | Size | Surface charge | Outcomes (in vitro) | Outcomes (in vivo) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bionanocapsules made of L protein (hybrid BNC) | Anti-EGFR antibody targeting mutant EGFRvIII expressed by Gli36 glioma cells | - | 80 nm | - |
-Higher BNC accumulation in Gli36 cells compared to that in normal brain cells or tissues -Fluorescence studies showed anti-EGFR antibodies localized on cell surface. BNCs not internalized via antibody-receptor interactions. |
-Higher BNC accumulation in tumor site compared to that in normal brain cells or tissues | [222] |
|
Chitosan-g-PEG nanocapsule (CS-PEG-anti-TMEFF-2 mAb NCs) |
Anti-TMEFF-2 monoclonal antibody, targeting | Docetaxel (DCX) | 200 nm | + 27.1 mV to + 38.7 mV | -Reduction in cell proliferation rate with nanocapsules compared to free DCX after 24 h. However, no significant difference after 48 h between groups. |
-No significant difference in tumor size reduction between targeted nanoparticles, non-targeted nanoparticles and free DCX at 14 days post-treatment -Poor penetration deep into tumor with mAb-functionalized nanoparticles -No significant toxicity effects to non-tumor tissue in all groups (bone weight loss < 20%) |
[23] |
| Antibody affinity motif of protein A (Hybrid bio-nanocapsules) | Anti-EGFR antibodies, targeting mutant EGFR | 7-propionyl taxol 2′-O-α-D-glucoside | - | - | -Higher drug loading capacity in hybrid nanoparticle (120-fold) with 7-propionyltaxol 2′-O-α-D-glucoside than with taxol | [223] | |
| Chitosan-coated lipid-core nanocapsules (MLNC) | Bevacizumab targeting VEGF expressed in glioblastoma cells | Functionalized with PEPvIII (EGFRvIII targeting peptide) and gold ions | 183 nm | + 13 mV to + 19 mV |
-Higher reduction tumor size with MLNC-PEPvIII and MLNC-BCZ nanoconjugates (87%) compared with the untreated control group -Higher CD8 + T lymphocytes stimulated with MLNC-PEPvIII and MLNC-BCZ nanoconjugates compared to untreated control group and group receiving free PEPvIII and BCZ |
[224] |