Table 2.
A univariate analysis of potential categories of CRF (n = 220).
| Variables | Total (n = 220) | Physical balance – Low fatigue (n = 43) |
Physical prominent – High fatigue (n = 22) |
Physical imbalance -Moderate fatigue (n = 155) | Statistic | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | χ²=5.43 | 0.066 | ||||
| Male | 174 (79.09) | 38 (88.37) | 14 (63.64) | 122 (78.71) | ||
| Female | 46 (20.91) | 5 (11.63) | 8 (36.36) | 33 (21.29) | ||
| Age (years), n (%) | χ²=3.86 | 0.426 | ||||
| ≤ 50 | 64 (29.09) | 17 (39.53) | 4 (18.18) | 43 (27.74) | ||
| 51–64 | 117 (53.18) | 19 (44.19) | 13 (59.09) | 85 (54.84) | ||
| ≥ 65 | 39 (17.73) | 7 (16.28) | 5 (22.73) | 27 (17.42) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | - | 0.037 | ||||
| Married | 200 (90.91) | 35 (81.40) | 22 (100.00) | 143 (92.26) | ||
| Without spouse | 20 (9.09) | 8 (18.60) | 0 (0.00) | 12 (7.74) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | χ²=2.23 | 0.328 | ||||
| ≤Junior high school | 148 (67.27) | 26 (60.47) | 13 (59.09) | 109 (70.32) | ||
| ≥ high school | 72 (32.73) | 17 (39.53) | 9 (40.91) | 46 (29.68) | ||
| Economic burden, n (%) | χ²=15.96 | 0.003 | ||||
| Very serious | 97 (44.09) | 10 (23.26) | 13 (59.09) | 74 (47.74) | ||
| Heavier | 66 (30.00) | 13 (30.23) | 7 (31.82) | 46 (29.68) | ||
| Commonly | 57 (25.91) | 20 (46.51) | 2 (9.09) | 35 (22.58) | ||
| Cancer type, n (%) | χ²=1.44 | 0.486 | ||||
| Primary | 167 (75.91) | 35 (81.40) | 15 (68.18) | 117 (75.48) | ||
| Metastatic | 53 (24.09) | 8 (18.60) | 7 (31.82) | 38 (24.52) | ||
| Child–Pugh, n (%) | χ²=16.97 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Child-A | 162 (73.64) | 38 (88.37) | 9 (40.91) | 115 (74.19) | ||
| Child-B/C | 58 (26.36) | 5 (11.63) | 13 (59.09) | 40 (25.81) | ||
| Time from diagnosis(years), n (%) | - | 0.757 | ||||
| < 1 | 142 (64.55) | 30 (69.77) | 12 (54.55) | 100 (64.52) | ||
| 1–2 | 44 (20.00) | 8 (18.60) | 4 (18.18) | 32 (20.65) | ||
| 2–3 | 16 (7.27) | 2 (4.65) | 3 (13.64) | 11 (7.10) | ||
| > 3 | 18 (8.18) | 3 (6.98) | 3 (13.64) | 12 (7.74) | ||
| Cancer staging (BCLC), n (%) | - | 0.012 | ||||
| Missing | 3 (2.3) | 2 (4.65) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.65) | ||
| B | 57 (25.9) | 18 (41.86) | 3 (13.64) | 36 (23.53) | ||
| C | 158 (71.8) | 23 (53.49) | 19 (86.36) | 116 (75.82) | ||
| Anemia (HB, g/L), n (%) | - | 0.057 | ||||
| No(≥ 120) | 181 (82.34) | 39 (90.70) | 13 (61.90) | 129 (83.23) | ||
| Mild (90–119) | 28 (12.79) | 2 (4.65) | 7 (33.33) | 19 (12.26) | ||
| Moderate (60–89) | 9 (4.11) | 2 (4.65) | 1 (4.76) | 6 (3.87) | ||
| Heavy (< 60) | 1 (0.46) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.65) | ||
| Treatment, n (%) | χ²=11.38 | 0.077 | ||||
| Untreated | 52 (23.64) | 16 (37.21) | 5 (22.73) | 31 (20.00) | ||
| Interventional therapy | 51 (23.18) | 12 (27.91) | 5 (22.73) | 34 (21.94) | ||
| Targeted/immune therapy | 20 (9.09) | 2 (4.65) | 0 (0.00) | 18 (11.61) | ||
| Interventional + targeted/immunotherapy | 97 (44.09) | 13 (30.23) | 12 (54.55) | 72 (46.45) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | χ²=2.99 | 0.225 | ||||
| No | 133 (60.45) | 30 (69.77) | 15 (68.18) | 88 (56.77) | ||
| Yes | 87 (39.55) | 13 (30.23) | 7 (31.82) | 67 (43.23) | ||
| Pain, n (%) | - | 0.002 | ||||
| 0 | 138 (62.73) | 36 (83.72) | 11 (50.00) | 91 (58.71) | ||
| 1–2 | 60 (27.27) | 5 (11.63) | 5 (22.73) | 50 (32.26) | ||
| ≥3 | 22 (10.00) | 2 (4.65) | 6 (27.27) | 14 (9.03) | ||
| Social support, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (1.00,7.00) | 1.50 (0.00,3.50) | 2.00 (1.00,4.00) | χ²=5.44# | 0.066 |
| PA–Index, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 9.00 (0.00, 15.00) | 15.00 (9.00,21.00) | 0.00 (0.00,2.25) | 9.00 (1.50,15.00) | χ²=29.09# | < 0.001 |
| HHI, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 34.00 (31.00, 36.00) | 37.00 (34.00,41.00) | 26.50 (24.25,30.00) | 34.00 (32.00,36.00) | χ²=42.52# | < 0.001 |
| GSES, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 30.00 (23.00, 31.25) | 31.00 (29.00,38.00) | 23.50 (20.25,30.00) | 29.00 (23.00,30.00) | χ²=24.72# | < 0.001 |
| ISI, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 11.00 (7.00, 16.00) | 6.00 (3.00,8.00) | 17.00 (10.50,20.75) | 13.00 (7.00,16.00) | χ²=34.39# | < 0.001 |
| BMI, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 22.48 (20.55, 24.80) | 24.44 (22.36,25.45) | 20.88 (19.25,22.48) | 22.22 (20.60,24.61) | χ²=21.38# | < 0.001 |
| PNI, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 45.25 (39.68, 49.95) | 42.20 (32.50,48.25) | 45.17 (42.14,49.29) | 46.10 (40.53,50.12) | χ²=7.10# | 0.029 |
#: Kruskal-waills H test, χ²: Chi-square test, -: Fisher exact M: Median, Q₁: 1 st Quartile, Q₃: 3 st Quartile.
Without spouse, Unmarried/divorced/widowed.
Comorbidities, Include high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, respiratory diseases.
Child-Pugh, Grading criteria for the quantitative evaluation of liver reserve function in patients with liver cancer are commonly used in clinics. Grades A, B, and C indicated liver damage of varying severity (the higher the score, the worse the liver reserve function).
BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer, a clinical staging system for liver cancer. A (early), B (middle), and C (late). CRF, Cancer-related fatigue; HHI, Herth Hope Index; ISI, The Insomnia Severity Index; GSES, General self-efficacy; BMI, Body-mass index(kg/m2); ref., reference group; PNI, Prognostic Nutrition Index = serum albumin (g/L) + 5× lymphocyte count (×109/L).