Table 1. Complete set of forty GreenComp learning outcomes.

Competence area	Competence	Learning outcome	KSA coverage
I. Sustainability values	1.1 Valuing sustainability	1. Critique sustainability arguments, policies, and actions by analyzing their underlying values and principles, including cultural and generational differences	1.1-K1, 1.1-K2, 1.1-K4, 1.1-S1, 1.1-S2, 1.1-A3, 1.1-A4
		2. Negotiate solutions that reach a consensus aligned with specific sustainability principles while respecting diverse stakeholder perspectives	1.1-S4, 1.1-S5, 1.1-A2
		3. Design and implement a personal action plan applying concrete sustainability principles to daily choices	1.1-K3, 1.1-K6, 1.1-S3, 1.1-A1
		4. Analyze how consumption drivers impact resource demand and environmental and social sustainability	1.1-K5, 1.1-S2
	1.2 Supporting fairness	1. Apply concepts of equity, environmental justice, and intergenerational fairness when addressing various sustainability challenges while questioning personal and societal resource needs	1.2-K1, 1.2-K2, 1.2-S1, 1.2-S2, 1.2-A1
		2. Construct inclusive solutions that respect diverse cultural views and address varying capacities to promote sustainability	1.2-K4, 1.2-S3, 1.2-S4
		3. Advocate for the preservation of nature for current and future generations	1.2-K3, 1.2-A2, 1.2-A3
	1.3 Promoting nature	1. Explain the interconnectedness between human well- being and ecosystem health, including analyzing personal impacts on natural systems	1.3-K1, 1.3-K2, 1.3-K3, 1.3-S1, 1.3-S5, 1.3-A4
		2. Participate actively in specific practices that restore, regenerate, and promote harmonious coexistence with nature	1.3-S4, 1.3-A1, 1.3-S3, 1.3-A5
		3. Value the rights and roles of other life forms in maintaining ecological balance	1.3-K4, 1.3-S2, 1.3-A3
		4. Explain models for decoupling economic activity from resource consumption	1.3-K6
		5. Analyze how resource depletion contributes to social conflicts and environmental disasters	1.3-K5
		6. Challenge anthropocentric perspectives in approaches to environmental protection	1.3-A2
II. Embracing complexity	2.1 Systems thinking	1. Analyze how human activities across domains impact environmental and societal systems	2.1-K1, 2.1-K2, 2.1-S1, 2.1-S2, 2.1-A1, 2.1-A3
		2. Map the interactions, feedback, and cascading effects within complex sustainability issues	2.1-K4, 2.1-K5, 2.1-S3, 2.1-S5, 2.1-A2, 2.1-A4, 2.1-A5
		3. Apply systems modeling, life cycle assessment techniques, and resource minimization methods to sustainability challenges	2.1-K3, 2.1-S4
	2.2 Critical thinking	1. Evaluate the reliability of sustainability information sources and claims	2.2-K1, 2.2-K4, 2.2-S3, 2.2-S5, 2.2-A5
		2. Deconstruct arguments to identify underlying assumptions, biases, and contexts	2.2-K2, 2.2-K3, 2.2-K5, 2.2-S2, 2.2-A2
		3. Formulate evidence-based perspectives on sustainability issues that integrate diverse human and non-human considerations	2.2-K1, 2.2-S1, 2.2-S4, 2.2-A1, 2.2-A3, 2.2-A4
	2.3 Problem framing	1. Differentiate between simple, complicated, and complex sustainability problems	2.3-K1, 2.3-K2, 2.3-K4, 2.3-A2
		2. Transform sustainability problem definitions by systematically integrating diverse stakeholder viewpoints and systems-level considerations	2.3-K3, 2.3-S1, 2.3-S2, 2.3-A4
		3. Select appropriate strategies to mitigate, adapt, and solve sustainability challenges	2.3-K5, 2.3-S3, 2.3-S4, 2.3-S5
III. Envisioning sustainable futures	3.1 Futures literacy	1. Create alternative scenario models that question current paradigms and envision transformative sustainable futures	3.1-K1, 3.1-K5, 3.1-S1, 3.1-A4
		2. Assess opportunities, risks, and implications of different future scenarios	3.1-K4, 3.1-S2, 3.1-A3
		3. Design a pathway with interventions toward a preferred sustainable future	3.1-K2, 3.1-K3, 3.1-S3, 3.1-S4, 3.1-A1, 3.1-A2
	3.2 Adaptability	1. Adapt personal practices in response to changing sustainability contexts, constraints, and new information	3.2-K4, 3.2-S1, 3.2-S2, 3.2-A2, 3.2-A4
		2. Make decisions by evaluating sustainability tradeoffs across domains and scales	3.2-K5, 3.2-S3, 3.2-A5
		3. Formulate adaptive strategies to manage socio-ecological transitions necessitated by environmental and societal changes	3.2-K1, 3.2-K2, 3.2-K3, 3.2-S3, 3.2-S4, 3.2-A1, 3.2-A3
	3.3 Exploratory thinking	1. Synthesize knowledge from various disciplines to approach sustainability issues	3.3-K1, 3.3-K4, 3.3-S1, 3.3-S2, 3.3-S3
		2. Experiment with innovative problem-solving methods, such as systems thinking, to address sustainability challenges	3.3-K2, 3.3-K3, 3.3-A1, 3.3-A4
		3. Accommodate diverse perspectives when exploring sustainable solutions	3.3-S5, 3.3-A2, 3.3-A3
IV. Acting for sustainability	4.1 Political agency	1. Analyze how political systems, policies, and power impact sustainability	4.1-K1, 4.1-S1, 4.1-A4
		2. Apply knowledge and skills for effective participation in democratic processes to advance sustainability policies	4.1-K3, 4.1-S2, 4.1-S4, 4.1-A1
		3. Advocate for political responsibility and sustainability accountability	4.1-K2, 4.1-K4, 4.1-S3, 4.1-A2, 4.1-A3
	4.2 Individual initiative	1. Evaluate one’s potential to drive positive environmental changes	4.2-K1, 4.2-K3, 4.2-K4, 4.2-K5, 4.2-S4, 4.2-S6, 4.2-A2, 4.2-A3, 4.2-A4,
		2. Apply resource efficiency, reuse, and sharing principles in personal and group contexts	4.2-S1, 4.2-S5, 4.2-A5
		3. Apply the precautionary principle through targeted actions that help prevent ecological and human harm	4.2-K2, 4.2-S2, 4.2-S3, 4.2-A1
	4.3 Collective action	1. Build diverse coalitions by identifying stakeholder strengths and roles	4.3-K1, 4.3-S1, 4.3-S5
		2. Facilitate, initiate, or actively participate in inclusive community processes for coordinated sustainability action	4.3-K2, 4.3-K3, 4.3-K4, 4.3-S2, 4.3-S3, 4.3-S4, 4.3-A2, 4.3-A5
		3. Connect personal sustainability actions to the collective implementation of explicitly defined sustainability visions	4.3-S6, 4.3-A1, 4.3-A3, 4.3-A4