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. 2025 Feb 22;12(5):811–820. doi: 10.1093/nop/npaf029

Table 4.

Cohort 2: demographics of patients who received HGG adjuvant therapy

Variables Total (%)
N = 2264
Chemo and radiation (%)
N = 1163
Chemo (%)
N = 93
Radiation (%)
N = 270
No adjuvant treatment (%)
N = 738
P-value
Sex, male 1300 (57.4) 699 (60.1) 58 (62.4) 144 (53.3) 399 (54.1) .099
Age (SD) 54.1 (20.4) 52.4 (17.3) 47.3 (23.5) 57.8 (20.8) 56.6 (23.6) <.001
Race .686a
 American Indian/Alaska Native <11 <11 <11 0 <11
 Asian 21 (0.9) 13 (1.1) 0 <11 <11
 Pacific Islander 15 (0.7) <11 0 <11 <11
 Black 10 (0.4) <11 0 <11 <11
 White 2208 (97.5) 1133 (97.4) 92 (98.9) 263 (97.4) 720 (97.6)
 More than one race <11 0 0 0 <11
 Not listed <11 0 0 0 <11
Ethnicity .349
 Non-Hispanic 2106 (93.0) 1071 (92.1) 88 (94.6) 253 (93.7) 694 (94.0)
Marital status <.001 a
 Single, never married 390 (17.2) 169 (14.5) 26 (28.0) 40 (14.8) 155 (21.0)
 Married 1496 (66.1) 851 (73.2) 56 (60.2) 182 (67.4) 407 (55.1)
 Single, previously married 346 (15.3) 133 (11.4) 10 (10.8) 44 (16.3) 159 (21.5)
 Not listed 32 (1.4) 10 (0.9) <11 <11 17 (2.3)
Insurance status <.001 a
 Uninsured 94 (4.2) 48 (4.1) <11 16 (5.9) 27 (3.7)
 Insurance, NOS 72 (3.2) 39 (3.4) <11 10 (3.7) 18 (2.4)
 Private insurance 1003 (44.3) 623 (53.6) 44 (47.3) 102 (37.8) 234 (31.7)
 Medicare and Medicaid 898 (39.7) 396 (34.0) 22 (23.7) 125 (46.3) 355 (48.1)
 Other government program 61 (2.7) 30 (2.6) <11 <11 22 (3.0)
 Not listed 136 (6.0) 27 (2.3) 17 (18.3) 10 (3.7) 82 (11.1)
Diagnosis <.001 a
 Malignant glioma, NOS 256 (11.3) 32 (2.8) 11 (11.8) 35 (13.0) 178 (24.1)
 Astrocytoma, anaplastic 217 (9.6) 156 (13.4) <11 26 (9.6) 30 (4.10)
 Astrocytoma, diffuse 66 (2.9) 18 (1.5) <11 15 (5.6) 30 (4.1)
 Glioblastoma 1639 (72.4) 918 (78.9) 62 (66.7) 177 (65.6) 482 (65.3)
 Oligodendroglioma, anaplastic 86 (3.8) 39 (3.4) 12 (12.9) 17 (6.3) 18 (2.4)
Distance traveled, mi .801
 First facility (SD) 37.6 (58.3) 37.4 (57.1) 31.1 (46.4) 39.8 (67.8) N/A
Income quartiles (%) .007
 Q1 (lowest income) 413 (18.2) 188 (16.2) 16 (17.2) 46 (17.0) 163 (22.1)
 Q2 573 (25.3) 274 (23.6) 23 (24.7) 74 (27.4) 202 (27.4)
 Q3 641 (28.3) 338 (29.0) 27 (29.0) 83 (30.7) 193 (26.2)
 Q4 (highest income) 637 (28.1) 363 (31.2) 27 (29.0) 67 (24.8) 180 (24.4)
Yost Index quartile (%) .005
 Q1 (lowest SES) 399 (17.6) 181 (15.6) 20 (21.5) 44 (16.3) 154 (20.9)
 Q2 570 (25.2) 270 (23.2) 21 (22.6) 72 (26.7) 207 (28.0)
 Q3 638 (28.2) 340 (29.2) 27 (29.0) 84 (31.1) 187 (25.3)
 Q4 (highest SES) 657 (29.0) 372 (32.0) 25 (26.9) 70 (25.9) 190 (25.7)
RUCA code (%) .836
 Metropolitan 1938 (85.6) 988 (85.0) 85 (91.4) 237 (87.8) 628 (85.1)
 Micropolitan 164 (7.2) 91 (7.8) <11 15 (5.6) 54 (7.3)
 Small town 96 (4.2) 52 (4.5) <11 11 (4.1) 30 (4.1)
 Rural 66 (2.9) 32 (2.8) <11 <11 26 (3.5)

Abbreviations: HGG, high-grade glioma; SD, standard deviation; NOS, not otherwise specified; SES, socioeconomic status; RUCA, Rural-Urban Commuting Area code; N/A, not applicable.

Bold values are significant.

Percentages given out of total number of patients within adjuvant treatment group. Income quartiles, Yost Index Quartiles, and RUCA codes are given as percentages of total within each quartile. Categorical variables compared with Chi-square test. Continuous variables compared with ANOVA test. Categories with less than 11 patients are not explicitly listed to protect patients from possible identification. Distance is not provided for patients not receiving adjuvant therapy because they did not travel to a treatment facility for adjuvant therapy.

aCategorical variables compared with Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test.