Table 2.
Changes of MMSE scores at observational waves.
| Variable | Model 1 |
Model 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β [95% CI] | P value | β [95% CI] | P value | ||
| Event study model | Wave2 (Pre COVID-19) | 0.047 [−0.120, 0.214] | 0.582 | −0.036 [−0.195, 0.122] | 0.653 |
| Wave3 (Post COVID-19) | −0.459 [−0.688, −0.230] | <0.001 | −0.957 [−1.170, −0.745] | <0.001 | |
| Age | −0.158 [−0.167, −0.149] | <0.001 | −0.126 [−0.135, −0.117] | <0.001 | |
| Sex | −0.022 [−0.174, 0.129] | 0.772 | 0.009 [−0.131, 0.149] | 0.903 | |
| Education year | 0.293 [0.274, 0.312] | <0.001 | 0.255 [0.236, 0.273] | <0.001 | |
| DID model | Treat | 0.007 [−0.239, 0.254] | 0.953 | −0.029 [−0.258, 0.200] | 0.804 |
| Post | −0.564 [−0.740, −0.387] | <0.001 | −0.304 [−0.475, −0.133] | <0.001 | |
| Treat∗Post | −0.462 [−0.763, −0.161] | 0.003 | −0.818 [−1.090, −0.545] | <0.001 | |
| Age | −0.147 [−0.159, −0.134] | <0.001 | −0.132 [−0.144, −0.120] | <0.001 | |
| Sex | −0.081 [−0.262, 0.100] | 0.381 | −0.072 [−0.245, 0.101] | 0.412 | |
| Education year | 0.254 [0.231, 0.278] | <0.001 | 0.241 [0.218, 0.264] | <0.001 | |
Model 1 was conducted using entire samples, while Model 2 excluding individuals have deceased before pandemic (March 2022).
DID, difference-in-differences; CI, confidence interval.