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. 2025 Sep 29;4(11):102200. doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102200

Table 2.

Procedural Characteristics

All (N = 354) DRA (n = 176) TRA (n = 178) P Value
Puncture-related variables
Puncture success 337 (95.2) 166 (94.3) 171 (96.1) 0.442
Puncture within 5 min 333 (94.1) 163 (92.6) 170 (95.5) 0.249
Initial puncture attempt <0.001
 Left hand 269 (76.0) 161 (91.5) 108 (60.7)
 Right hand 85 (24.0) 15 (8.5) 70 (39.3)
Overall crossover 19 (5.4) 12 (6.9) 7 (4.0) 0.238
Reason for crossover 0.263
 Puncture failure 17 (4.8) 10 (5.7) 7 (3.9)
 GW passing failure 2 (0.6) 2 (1.1) 0 (0.0)
Crossover site 0.015
 Radial artery, left 8 (2.3) 8 (4.5) 0 (0.0)
 Radial artery, right 3 (0.8) 1 (0.6) 2 (1.1)
 Distal radial artery, left 1 (0.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.6)
 Femoral artery, right 7 (2.0) 3 (1.7) 4 (2.2)
Crossover direction 0.082
 Ipsilateral 9 (2.5) 8 (4.5) 1 (0.6)
 Contralateral 3 (0.8) 1 (0.6) 2 (1.1)
 Femoral 7 (2.0) 3 (1.7) 4 (2.2)
CAG- and PCI-related variables
CAG success 354 (100.0) 176 (100.0) 178 (100.0) N/A
PCI performed 349 (98.6) 175 (99.4) 174 (97.8) 0.371
PCI success 348 (99.7) 174 (99.4) 174 (100.0) >0.999
Multivessel PCI 70 (20.1) 38 (21.7) 32 (18.4) 0.438
Bifurcation PCI 90 (25.8) 44 (25.1) 46 (26.4) 0.782
Aspiration thrombectomy 182 (52.1) 90 (51.4) 92 (52.9) 0.787
Use of IVUS 142 (40.7) 73 (41.7) 69 (39.7) 0.695
Culprit lesion 0.889
 Left main 6 (1.7) 4 (2.3) 2 (1.1)
 Left anterior descending 174 (49.9) 88 (50.3) 86 (49.4)
 Left circumflex 29 (8.3) 14 (8.0) 15 (8.6)
 Right coronary artery 140 (40.1) 69 (39.4) 71 (40.8)
TIMI flow grade
Pre-PCI 0.149
 Grade 0 233 (66.8) 126 (72.0) 107 (61.5)
 Grade 1 43 (12.3) 16 (9.1) 27 (15.5)
 Grade 2 35 (10.0) 17 (9.7) 18 (10.3)
 Grade 3 38 (10.9) 16 (9.1) 22 (12.6)
Post-PCI 0.430
 Grade 0 2 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6)
 Grade 1 8 (2.3) 6 (3.4) 2 (1.1)
 Grade 2 39 (11.2) 17 (9.7) 22 (12.6)
 Grade 3 300 (86.0) 151 (86.3) 149 (85.6)
Stent number 1.0 (1.0-1.0) 1.0 (1.0-1.0) 1.0 (1.0-1.0) 0.697
Stent diameter, mm 3.3 (3.0-3.5) 3.3 (3.0-3.5) 3.3 (3.0-3.5) 0.587
Stent length, mm 28.0 (22.0-38.0) 28.0 (22.0-38.0) 30.0 (22.0-38.0) 0.555
Procedure-related variables
Symptom to balloon time, min 219.0 (146.0-377.0) 221.0 (150.0-390.0) 216.5 (143.0-336.0) 0.663
Door to balloon time, min 81.0 (68.0-91.0) 82.0 (69.0-93.0) 79.5 (68.0-89.0) 0.256
Puncture time, min 1.0 (1.0-2.0) 1.0 (1.0-2.0) 1.0 (0.8-1.8) 0.151
Total procedure time, min 38.0 (29.0-52.0) 40.0 (29.0-54.0) 37.0 (29.0-50.0) 0.121
Fluoroscopic time, min 10.8 (8.1-16.0) 11.1 (7.8-17.0) 10.8 (8.2-15.3) 0.422
Fluoroscopic dose, Gy·cm2 143.4 (103.3-217.3) 151.0 (108.6-228.7) 141.3 (99.4-208.8) 0.218
Contrast volume, mL 150.0 (120.0-180.0) 150.0 (120.0-187.5) 140.0 (110.0-170.0) 0.014
Hemostasis time, min 180.0 (180.0-180.0) 180.0 (180.0-180.0) 180.0 (180.0-180.0) 0.375

Values are mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%).

CAG = coronary angiography; GW = guidewire; IVUS = intravascular ultrasonography; other abbreviations as in Table 1.