Table 2.
Bivariable Tests of Clinician Presence During Patient Self-Administration of Medical Aid in Dying Medication (N = 100)
| No. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No | Yes | χ2 (df) | p Value |
| Personal characteristics | ||||
| Age, yearsa | 66 (3252.5) | 34 (1797.5) | −0.6 | 0.56 |
| Genderb | 0.3 (1) | 0.61 | ||
| Man | 20 (62.5) | 12 (37.5) | ||
| Woman | 46 (67.7) | 22 (32.4) | ||
| Racec | NA | >0.99 | ||
| White | 61 (66.3) | 31 (33.7) | ||
| Person of color | 5 (62.5) | 3 (37.5) | ||
| Religion | 1.3 (2) | 0.52 | ||
| Agnostic/atheist | 13 (59.1) | 9 (40.9) | ||
| Christian | 33 (71.7) | 13 (28.3) | ||
| Other | 20 (62.5) | 12 (37.5) | ||
| Religiositya | 66 (3490.5) | 34 (1559.5) | 1.2 | 0.25 |
| Professional characteristics | ||||
| Professional disciplineb | 9.2 (3) | 0.03 | ||
| Physician | 35 (79.6) | 9 (20.5) | ||
| Nurse (RN/APRN) | 9 (75.0) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| Social worker | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | ||
| Chaplain | 11 (47.8) | 12 (52.2) | ||
| Duration of time working in hospice, yearsa | 66 (3301.0) | 34 (1749.0) | −0.2 | 0.82 |
| Organizational characteristics | ||||
| Approximate average daily patient censusa | 66 (3218.5) | 34 (1831.5) | −0.8 | 0.41 |
| Tax status | 0.6 (1) | 0.81 | ||
| For profit | 17 (68.0) | 8 (32.0) | ||
| Not for profit | 49 (65.3) | 26 (34.7) | ||
| Religious affiliationb | 0.9 (1) | 0.34 | ||
| Yes | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | ||
| No | 54 (68.4) | 25 (31.7) | ||
| Policy on permitted MAID participation | 20.0 (1) | <0.001 | ||
| Full | 13 (37.1) | 22 (62.9) | ||
| Partial | 53 (81.5) | 12 (18.5) | ||
| MAID-specific characteristics | ||||
| Agreement with the principle that hospice care should not hasten death | 6.5 (2) | 0.04 | ||
| Agree | 39 (78.0) | 11 (22.0) | ||
| Neither agree nor disagree | 21 (55.3) | 17 (44.7) | ||
| Disagree | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| General attitude toward MAID | 6.6 (2) | 0.04 | ||
| Support | 45 (59.2) | 31 (40.8) | ||
| Neither support nor oppose | 9 (90.0) | 1 (10.0) | ||
| Oppose | 12 (85.7) | 2 (14.3) | ||
| Approximate number of hospice patients who had ever inquired about MAID | 66 (3156.5) | 34 (1893.5) | −1.3 | 0.20 |
| Ever provided information about MAIDc | NA | 0.16 | ||
| Yes | 61 (64.2) | 34 (35.8) | ||
| No | 5 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Ever provided end-of-life care related to hospice patient’s use of MAIDb | 11.4 (1) | 0.001 | ||
| Yes | 36 (54.6) | 30 (45.5) | ||
| No | 30 (88.2) | 4 (11.8) | ||
| Hypothetical willingness to be present | 7.1 (1) | 0.01 | ||
| Yes | 47 (59.5) | 32 (40.5) | ||
| No/unsure | 19 (90.5) | 2 (9.5) | ||
a
Statistics reflect the Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and are presented as No. (rank-sum), No. (rank-sum), U, and p value, respectively.
b
Because of rounding, percentages may not total 100.
c
Statistics reflect Fisher’s exact tests, which do not produce point estimates or corresponding degrees of freedom.
APRN, advanced practice registered nurse; MAID, medical aid in dying; NA, not applicable; RN, registered nurse.