Table 3.

Multiple Logistic Regression Model of Clinician Presence During Patient Self-Administration of Medical Aid in Dying Medication (N = 100)^a

Variable	AOR (95% CI)	SE	z	p Value
Intercept	0.26 (0.08–0.86)	0.16	−2.21	0.03
Professional characteristics
Professional discipline
Physician	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
Nurse (RN/APRN)	1.63 (0.28–9.46)	1.46	0.55	0.58
Social worker	1.68 (0.46–6.20)	1.12	0.78	0.44
Chaplain	4.32 (1.22–15.38)	2.80	2.26	0.02
Organizational characteristics
Policy on permitted MAID participation
Partial	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
Full	4.50 (1.58–12.86)	2.41	2.81	0.01
MAID-specific characteristics
Agreement with the principle that hospice care should not hasten death
Agree	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
Neither agree nor disagree	1.14 (0.36–3.56)	0.66	0.23	0.82
Disagree	2.44 (0.54–11.11)	1.89	1.15	0.25
General attitude toward MAID
Support	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
Neither support nor oppose	0.33 (0.05–2.23)	0.32	−1.14	0.26
Oppose	1.07 (0.19–6.12)	0.95	0.08	0.94
Ever provided end-of-life care related to hospice patient’s use of MAID
Yes	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
No	0.26 (0.07–0.98)	0.18	−1.99	0.05
Hypothetical willingness to be present
Yes	1 [Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]	[Reference]
No/unsure	0.48 (0.11–2.12)	0.36	−0.98	0.33

^aWald χ²₁₂ = 22.3, p = 0.01, Tjur R² = 0.34. Due to concerns over small sample bias, we applied Firth’s⁵⁰ penalized maximum likelihood estimator.

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error.