Table 1.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of all datasets
| Characteristics | Training set | Validation set | Test 1 | Test 2 | Test 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 999) | (n = 250) | (n = 173) | (n = 289) | (n = 124) | |
| Age (years), Median (IQR) | 56.0(23.0) | 55.0(23.3) | 57.0(25.0) | 56.0(20.5) | 63.0(12.0) |
| Sex, n(%) | |||||
| Female | 560(56) | 147(58.8) | 96(55.4) | 172(59.5) | 53(42.7) |
| Male | 439(44) | 103(41.2) | 77(44.6) | 117(40.5) | 71(57.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 23.0 ± 3.3 | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 22.7 ± 3.5 | 23.2 ± 3.7 | 22.4 ± 3.2 |
| CA19-9 μmol/L, Median (IQR) | 9.1(18.4) | 9.3(17.0) | 7.9(20.5) | 10.8(15.4) | 13.4(19.6) |
| CEA (ng/ml), Median (IQR) | 2.0(2.0) | 1.9(1.8) | 1.7(2.2) | 0.8(1.4) | 2.2(2.1) |
| Abdominal pain, n(%) | 350(35.0) | 99(39.6) | 58(33.5) | 84(29.0) | 27(21.7) |
| Jaundice, n(%) | 41(4.1) | 9(3.6) | 7(4.0) | 5(1.7) | 4(3.2) |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 145(14.5) | 19(7.6) | 26(15) | 30(10.3) | 8(6.4) |
| Alcohol consumption, n(%) | 80(8.0) | 22(8.8) | 15(8.6) | 33(11.4) | 7(5.6) |
| Family history, n(%) | 18(1.8) | 3(1.2) | 1(0.5) | 12(4.1) | 0(0.0) |
| Pathological classification, n(%) | |||||
| Precancerous IPMN | 299(29.9) | 90(36.0) | 50(28.9) | 74(25.6) | 57(46.0) |
| Malignant IPMN | 214(21.4) | 39(15.6) | 40(23.1) | 30(10.4) | 37(29.8) |
| Precancerous MCN | 72(7.2) | 18(7.2) | 13(7.5) | 47(16.3) | 6(4.8) |
| Malignant MCN | 7(0.7) | 1(0.4) | 1(0.6) | 1(0.3) | 1(0.8) |
| SCN | 212 (21.2) | 53(21.2) | 37(21.3) | 84(29.0) | 10(8.0) |
| SPN | 195 (19.5) | 49(19.6) | 32(18.4) | 53(18.3) | 13(10.4) |
Note: Categorical variables are expressed as the number of cases (%), and continuous variables as the median (interquartile range).
IPMN intraductal papillary mucinous cystic neoplasms, MCN mucinous cystic neoplasms, SCN serous cystic neoplasms, SPN solid pseudopapillary neoplasms.