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. 2025 Oct 13;15:35635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19504-7

Table 1.

Mean ± SEM values for pregnancy and embryo metrics.

Pregnancy Metrics Exposure One-Way ANOVA effect of aerosol exposure Mixed Model ANOVA
Room air E-liquid E-cigarette F(DF) p value summary Effect F p value summary
Maternal body weight at the start of acclimation 30.7 ± 1.54 32.85 ± 1.54 32.0 ± 1.54 0.49(2) n.s
Maternal body weight at conception (GD0) 29.42 ± 1.52 31.0 ± 1.52 32.35 ± 1.52 1.08(2) n.s

Percent change in Maternal body weight†

GD10

GD13

GD15

14.06 ± 4.15

26.78 ± 5.35

44.22 ± 7.25

13.25 ± 4.31

27.21 ± 8.63

39.99 ± 12.25

10.92 ± 3.17

26.94 ± 3.74

44.57 ± 5.49

Aerosol exposure

Gestational day

Aerosol exposure x gestational day

0.16(2,27)

62.24(2,27)

0.34(4,27)

n.s

****

n.s

Embryo metrics
Embryos per pregnancy on E15 10.50 ± 1.01 9.75 ± 1.01 10.50 ± 1.01 0.18(2,9) n.s
Embryo crown to rump length on E15 (mm) 13.97 ± 0.12 13.96 ± 0.12 113.97 ± 0.12 0.92(2,9) n.s

† percentage of baseline bodyweight on gestational day 0 (GD0). E = embryonic day; One-way and Mixed Model ANVOAs.

**** p < 0.0001; n.s. = not significant.