. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Oct 15.

Published in final edited form as: IEEE Access. 2025 Jul 28;13:133351–133369. doi: 10.1109/access.2025.3593420

TABLE 2.

T-test results comparing the ood auc in the (cam16,bcell) experiment using uni features.

(a) Statistical comparison for vaeabmil
Model	OoD/auroc	t_stat	p_value	Significant
vaeabmil	0.9592 ± 0.0030	-	-	-
transmil	0.8772 ± 0.0398	3.3333	0.0794	False
clam	0.8185 ± 0.0560	4.4629	0.0467	True
dsmil	0.8784 ± 0.0100	10.7940	0.0085	True
dftdmil	0.8045 ± 0.0466	5.7613	0.0288	True
daeabmil	0.9704 ± 0.0084	-1.7167	0.2282	False
abmil	0.8987 ± 0.0277	3.9603	0.0582	False
(b) Statistical comparison for daeabmil
Model	OoD/auroc	t_stat	p_value	Significant

daeabmil	0.9704 ± 0.0084	-	-	-
transmil	0.8772 ± 0.0398	4.8397	0.0401	True
clam	0.8185 ± 0.0560	4.4932	0.0461	True
dsmil	0.8784 ± 0.0100	38.1552	0.0007	True
dftdmil	0.8045 ± 0.0466	6.2819	0.0244	True
vaeabmil	0.9592 ± 0.0030	1.7167	0.2282	False
abmil	0.8987 ± 0.0277	4.0565	0.0557	False