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. 2025 Oct 14;15:35826. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19840-8

Table 7.

Performance metrics of different models.

Accuracy Precision Recall F1-score
DNN 0.9627 0.9628 0.9645 0.9632
BiLSTM 0.9640 0.9645 0.9654 0.9645
BiLSTM-MultiheadAttention 0.9587 0.9588 0.9613 0.9597
CNN-LSTM 0.9560 0.9553 0.9562 0.9557
CNN-LSTM-ATT 0.9307 0.9289 0.9307 0.9294
NHANet 0.9840 0.9842 0.9837 0.9839