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. 2025 Oct 14;15:35826. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19840-8

Table 9.

Performance of NHANet model with different epsilons under PGD attack algorithm.

Original Inline graphic = 1/255 Inline graphic = 2/255 Inline graphic = 3/255 Inline graphic = 4/255 Inline graphic = 5/255
Adversarial accuracy 0.9840 0.8760 0.4800 0.2373 0.1680 0.1413
Attack success rate 0.0 0.1098 0.5122 0.7588 0.8293 0.8564
Average L1 distance 0.0 1.1553 2.2143 3.1076 3.6757 4.0910
Average L2 distance 0.0 0.0673 0.1306 0.1861 0.2264 0.2622