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. 2025 Oct 15;25:3499. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24049-5

Table 4.

Linear mixed effect models for the associations of childhood abuse exposures with total cholesterol and glycated haemoglobin over a 3-year follow-up period

Exposure variables Total cholesterol Glycated haemoglobin
p-interact (CA*baseline-rape-exposed) p-interact (CA*baseline-rape-exposed*time) B (se) p-value p-interact (CA*baseline-rape-exposed) p-interact (CA*baseline-rape-exposed*time) B (se) p-value
Any CA 0.707 0.039 −0.01 (0.03) 0.692 0.629 0.181 0.01 (0.02) 0.974
Sexual CA 0.790 0.797 −0.05 (0.05) 0.356 0.723 0.383 0.02 (0.03) 0.656
Physical CA 0.412 0.287 0.01 (0.03) 0.774 0.333 0.099 −0.01 (0.02) 0.934
Emotional CA 0.168 0.849 −0.09 (0.04) 0.008 0.795 0.781 0.01 (0.02) 0.992
Parental neglect 0.736 0.121 0.01 (0.04) 0.818 0.179 0.408 −0.04 (0.02) 0.107
Multiple CA type 0.239 0.196 0.522 0.076 0.387 0.143
 0 Ref Ref
 1 0.469 0.094 0.01 (0.04) 0.833 0.233 0.707 0.03 (0.02) 0.253
 2 0.144 0.095 0.01 (0.05) 0.956 0.522 0.622 −0.04 (0.02) 0.219
 3 0.045 0.545 −0.06 (0.05) 0.307 0.567 0.162 −0.03 (0.03) 0.343
 4 0.377 0.757 −0.19 (0.12) 0.113 0.067 0.659 0.12 (0.07) 0.099
Combined frequency and severity of childhood abuse
Sexual CA 0.556 0.825 0.179 0.433 0.539 0.937
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.663 0.878 −0.10 (0.065) 0.113 0.576 0.569 0.01 (0.03) 0.925
 Often 0.093 0.180 0.17 (0.14) 0.214 0.173 0.501 0.07 (0.08) 0.373
Physical CA 0.575 0.086 0.264 0.564 0.068 0.607
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.456 0.203 0.01 (0.04) 0.983 0.199 0.098 0.01 (0.02) 0.909
 Often 0.602 0.342 0.02 (0.04) 0.645 0.798 0.921 −0.01 (0.02) 0.786
Emotional CA 0.242 0.971 0.013 0.589 0.998 0.986
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.186 0.954 −0.08 (0.04) 0.046 0.743 0.884 −0.01 (0.02) 0.591
 Often 0.401 0.833 −0.11 (0.05) 0.037 0.375 0.874 0.03 (0.03) 0.451
Parental neglect 0.605 0.191 0.967 0.569 0.453 0.567
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.630 0.167 0.02 (0.04) 0.710 0.047 0.384 −0.06 (0.02) 0.017
 Often 0.145 0.320 −0.08 (0.07) 0.240 0.485 0.659 0.03 (0.04) 0.410
Severity score
 CA severity score 0.804 0.382 −0.01 (0.01) 0.269 0.621 0.335 −0.01 (0.01) 0.230
 Sexual CA score 0.385 0.292 −0.05 (0.02) 0.024 0.506 0.935 −0.01 (0.01) 0.714
 Physical CA score 0.509 0.068 0.01 (0.01) 0.449 0.593 0.146 −0.01 (0.01) 0.503
 Emotional CA score 0.235 0.850 −0.01 (0.01) 0.032 0.287 0.968 −0.01 (0.01) 0.929
 Parental neglect score 0.849 0.551 −0.01 (0.01) 0.825 0.892 0.379 −0.01 (0.01) 0.436

B: beta co-efficient of linear mixed effect model. Models adjusted for age at baseline, employment, education, current smoking, current alcohol use and baseline rape-exposure. CA, childhood abuse. P-interact (CA*baseline-rape-exposed): p-value for the interaction terms (CA*baseline-rape-exposed) in each exposure type and outcome examined