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. 2025 Oct 15;25:3499. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-24049-5

Table 7.

Linear mixed effect models for the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) exposures with cardiometabolic profiles over a 3-year follow-up period

Exposure variables Total cholesterol Glycated haemoglobin
p-interact (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed) p-interact (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed*time) B (se) p-value p-interact (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed) p-interact (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed*time) B (se) p-value
Any IPV 0.955 0.181 −0.04 (0.03) 0.307 0.135 0.948 −0.04 (0.02) 0.075
Sexual IPV 0.287 0.135 0.05 (0.06) 0.409 0.711 0.306 −0.02 (0.04) 0.628
Physical IPV 0.533 0.607 −0.05 (0.04) 0.173 0.075 0.925 −0.08 (0.02) 0.004
Emotional IPV 0.365 0.046 −0.06 (0.04) 0.131 0.043 0.455 −0.04 (0.02) 0.139
Economic IPV 0.995 0.306 −0.05 (0.05) 0.317 0.580 0.534 −0.04 (0.03) 0.209
Number of IPV type 0.923 0.569 −0.02 (0.01) 0.122 0.082 0.454 −0.01 (0.01) 0.197
 0
 1 0.529 0.415 −0.04 (0.05) 0.431 0.770 0.809 −0.02 (0.03) 0.623
 2 0.325 0.511 −0.06 (0.05) 0.276 0.171 0.179 −0.06 (0.03) 0.101
 3 0.549 0.288 −0.13 (0.07) 0.084 0.119 0.807 −0.07 (0.04) 0.132
 4 0.220 0.477 0.02 (0.08) 0.780 0.622 0.619 −0.06 (0.05) 0.292
Sexual IPV 0.208 0.094 0.545 0.688 0.184 0.742
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.501 0.200 0.10 (0.09) 0.304 0.422 0.290 0.01 (0.05) 0.965
 Often 0.203 0.822 0.02 (0.05) 0.681 0.748 0.874 −0.01 (0.03) 0.727
Physical IPV 0.450 0.782 0.447 0.100 0.749 0.042
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.542 0.710 −0.11 (0.05) 0.052 0.140 0.894 −0.07 (0.03) 0.041
 Often 0.447 0.460 −0.02 (0.03) 0.532 0.069 0.975 −0.04 (0.02) 0.056
Emotional IPV 0.325 0.116 0.708 0.158 0.283 0.674
 Never Ref Ref
 Some 0.161 0.163 −0.02 (0.06) 0.785 0.589 0.508 −0.01 (0.03) 0.842
 Often 0.384 0.584 −0.01 (0.03) 0.718 0.165 0.946 −0.01 (0.02) 0.680
Economic IPV 0.652 0.196 0.475 0.983 0.735 0.283
 Never Ref
 Some 0.838 0.771 −0.03 (0.07) 0.703 0.955 0.323 −0.04 (0.04) 0.412
 Often 0.609 0.363 −0.03 (0.04) 0.509 0.994 0.302 −0.03 (0.03) 0.347
Severity score
 IPV severity score 0.692 0.284 −0.01 (0.00) 0.650 0.195 0.625 −0.01 (0.00) 0.177
 Sexual IPV score 0.526 0.227 0.01 (0.01) 0.392 0.548 0.378 −0.01 (0.01) 0.358
 Physical IPV score 0.855 0.292 −0.01 (0.01) 0.443 0.094 0.816 −0.01 (0.00) 0.045
 Emotional IPV score 0.308 0.141 −0.01 (0.01) 0.367 0.249 0.638 −0.01 (0.01) 0.732
 Economic IPV score 0.555 0.077 0.01 (0.01) 0.612 0.882 0.702 −0.01 (0.01) 0.096

B: beta co-efficient of linear mixed effect model. Models adjusted for age at baseline, employment, education, current smoking, current alcohol use and baseline rape-exposure. IPV, intimate partner violence. P-interact (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed): p-value for the interaction terms (IPV*baseline-rape-exposed) in each exposure type and outcome examined