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. 2025 Sep 27;14(19):1507. doi: 10.3390/cells14191507
TLR3 Toll-like receptor 3
TRIF TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β
MyD88 myeloid differentiation primary response 88
poly(I:C) polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid
poly(A:U) polyadenylic–polyuridylic acid
BMDMs bone marrow-derived macrophages
TLRs Toll-like receptors
PRRs pattern recognition receptors
PAMPs pathogen-associated molecular patterns
LPSs lipopolysaccharides
IFN-I type I interferons
dsRNA double-stranded RNA
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
IκB Inhibitor of kappa B
MAPKs mitogen-activated protein kinases
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha
IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3
RT-PCR Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
qPCR quantitative PCR
WT Wild type
IL interleukin
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
DSS disuccinimidyl suberate