| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| CCD | canine cognitive dysfunction |
| c. | centuries |
| DMN | default-mode networks |
| EQ | encephalization quotient |
| HPA | hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (axis) |
| NCDS | neural crest domestication syndrome |
| NFTs | neurofibrillary tangles |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| Mya | million years ago |
| Kya | kilo years ago (kilo corresponds to a thousand) |
| PFC | prefrontal cortex |