| BES | Bald Eagle Search |
| PSO | Particle Swarm Optimization |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| AM | Additive Manufacturing |
| FDM | Fused Deposition Modeling |
| CNN | Convolutional Neural Network |
| MLP | Multi-Layer Perceptron |
| MSE | Mean Squared Error |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| ReLU | Rectified Linear Unit |