CVD	Cardiovascular Diseases
T2DM	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
GLP-1	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
GIP	Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
CVOTs	Cardiovascular Outcome Trials
MACE	Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events
MI	Myocardial Infarction
HFpEF	Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
ASCVD	Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
VSMCs	Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
LDL-C	Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
HDL-C	High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol
MMP-9	Matrix Metalloproteinase-9
MCP-1	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1
LDLR	Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor
cAMP	Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear Factor Kappa-B
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
VCAM-1	Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
ICAM-1	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
ATP	Adenosine Triphosphate
ABCA1	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1
eNOS	endothelial Nitric Oxidase Synthase
NO	Nitric Oxide
SBP	Systolic Blood Pressure
PAI-1	Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1
BBB	Blood-Brain Barrier
TNF-α	Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
IL-6	Interleukin 6
IL-1β	Interleukin 1 Beta
hs-CRP	High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
NLRP3	NOD-, LRR-, and Pyrin Domain-Containing Protein 3
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
MnSOD	Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
GPx-1	Glutathione Peroxidase-1
Nrf2	Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2
ARE	Enhanced Antioxidant Response
NADPH	Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NOX	NADPH Oxidase
TGF-β	Transforming Growth Factor Beta
CBF	Cerebral Blood Flow
BDNF	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
KCCQ	Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire
CKD	Chronic Kidney Disease
HFrEF	Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
LVEF	Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
VEGF	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
SOD	Superoxide Dismutase