| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| RHEBM | Reactive high-energy ball milling |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| SPR | Surface plasmon resonance |
| CuAAC | Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition |
| NP-ELISA | Nanoparticle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| TMB | 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine |