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. 2025 Oct 1;25(19):6042. doi: 10.3390/s25196042
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
IoT Internet of Things
IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
SBC Single Board Computer
QoS Quality of Service
MQTT Message Queuing Telemetry Transport
MQTT-SN MQTT for Sensor Networks
CoAP Constrained Application Protocol
AMQP Advanced Message Queuing Protocol
HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3 Versions of Hypertext Transfer Protocol
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
Wi-SUN Wireless Smart Utility Network
6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks
NB-IoT Narrowband Internet of Things
LTE-M Long Term Evolution for Machines
LoRaWAN Long Range Wide Area Network
PSM Power Saving Mode
eDRX Extended Discontinuous Reception
URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication
LPWAN Low Power Wide Area Network
RIS Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface
RRC Radio Resource Control
RPL Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks
OSCORE Object Security for Constrained RESTful Environments
DTLS Datagram Transport Layer Security
TLS Transport Layer Security
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
BCap Battery capacity (Wh or %)
P(t) Instantaneous power at time t
Pavg Average power consumption (mW)
Pcons. Average consumption power
E Total energy consumed (Joules or Wh)
SD Standard deviation
texec Execution time of operation
Rt Resistance (if applicable, but in your context: possibly symbolic)
ρ Spearman rank correlation coefficient
BLife Estimated battery lifetime (hours)
Econs. Energy consumption (J)
ICoPEP Industrial Classification of Protocol Energy Profiles