. 2025 Oct 8;2025:3616724. doi: 10.1155/anu/3616724

Table 5.

Effects of dietary pigment additives on colorimetric parameters of ventral skin.

Treatment	Parameters	Group	Measurement position
Treatment	Parameters	Group	A1	A2	A3
Dark	CV	Control	52.13 ± 3.82	32.44 ± 5.02^a	53.12 ± 9.45^a
		LT	59.74 ± 5.48	43.10 ± 9.46^ab	36.45 ± 7.18^b
		XT	59.52 ± 8.73	35.51 ± 4.33^a	43.45 ± 3.43^ab
		AT	58.21 ± 9.67	56.72 ± 17.07^b	39.71 ± 4.99^b
	HV	Control	1.47 ± 0.02^a	1.54 ± 0.01^a	1.47 ± 0.01^a
		LT	1.43 ± 0.02^ab	1.49 ± 0.03^b	1.50 ± 0.02^b
		XT	1.43 ± 0.02^ab	1.51 ± 0.01^ab	1.50 ± 0.01^b
		AT	1.41 ± 0.01^b	1.44 ± 0.03^c	1.48 ± 0.01^ab

Light	CV	Control	44.24 ± 11.35^a	32.74 ± 9.42^a	22.68 ± 7.88
		LT	61.77 ± 13.48^b	56.84 ± 5.93^b	33.29 ± 11.26
		XT	35.59 ± 5.61^a	28.39 ± 10.27^a	24.47 ± 11.15
		AT	45.12 ± 8.01^a	39.88 ± 3.77^a	26.88 ± 6.32
	HV	Control	1.42 ± 0.03	1.43 ± 0.01^a	1.50 ± 0.02^a
		LT	1.43 ± 0.00	1.47 ± 0.01^b	1.54 ± 0.01^b
		XT	1.44 ± 0.02	1.44 ± 0.01^a	1.50 ± 0.02^a
		AT	1.45 ± 0.03	1.47 ± 0.01^b	1.52 ± 0.01^ab

Note: Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Different superscript letters within each data arrangement represent statistically significant variations between treatment conditions (p < 0.05). Number of replicates is 4. CV represents the perpendicular distance from the measured color point to the lightness axis, with higher CV values indicating greater color saturation; HV denotes color categories (red, orange, green, blue, and purple), where 0° corresponds to red, 90° to yellow, 180° to green, and 270° to blue.

Abbreviations: CV, chroma value; HV, hue value.