Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the survivor and non survivor group.
| Variable | Overall (n = 1,992) | Survivors (n = 1,602) | Non survivors (n = 390) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HRR | 0.64 (0.42, 1.09) | 0.61 (0.41, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.65) | <0.001 |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (year) | 64 (54, 75) | 63 (52, 73) | 69 (59, 79) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.139 | |||
| Female | 838 (42.07) | 661 (41.26) | 177 (45.38) | |
| Male | 1,154 (57.93) | 941 (58.74) | 213 (54.62) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.420 | |||
| Black | 224 (11.24) | 182 (11.36) | 42 (10.77) | |
| Other | 500 (25.10) | 392 (24.47) | 108 (27.69) | |
| White | 1,268 (63.65) | 1,028 (64.17) | 240 (61.54) | |
| Weight | 80.03 (67.78, 97.60) | 81.08 (68.70, 98.20) | 77.45 (65.10, 94.10) | 0.003 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 95 (81, 111) | 95 (80, 111) | 98 (84, 112) | 0.030 |
| SpO2 (%) | 98 (95, 100) | 98 (95, 100) | 97 (94, 100) | 0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (times/min) | 20 (16, 25) | 20 (16, 24) | 21 (18, 26) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Sepsis | 691 (34.69) | 488 (30.46) | 203 (52.05) | <0.001 |
| AKI | 991 (49.75) | 709 (44.26) | 282 (72.31) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis | 153 (7.68) | 112 (6.99) | 41 (10.51) | 0.019 |
| Obesity | 266 (13.35) | 213 (13.30) | 53 (13.59) | 0.878 |
| Hypertension | 750 (37.65) | 620 (38.70) | 130 (33.33) | 0.050 |
| Malignant cancer | 364 (18.27) | 257 (16.04) | 107 (27.44) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 556 (27.91) | 447 (27.90) | 109 (27.95) | 0.985 |
| Heart failure | 535 (26.86) | 408 (25.47) | 127 (32.56) | 0.005 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 182 (9.14) | 146 (9.11) | 36 (9.23) | 0.943 |
| Scoring systems | ||||
| SOFA | 6 (3, 9) | 5 (3, 8) | 7 (4, 11) | <0.001 |
| APS III | 50 (38, 67) | 48 (36, 62) | 63 (47, 83) | <0.001 |
| SAPS II | 39 (30, 50) | 37 (29, 47) | 48 (38, 59) | <0.001 |
| CCI | 5 (3, 8) | 5 (3, 7) | 7 (5, 9) | <0.001 |
| PESI | 123 (106, 141.5) | 120 (103, 138) | 135 (118, 151) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| WBC (K/μl) | 12.10 (8.30, 17.25) | 11.90 (8.10, 16.40) | 13.25 (8.80, 19.70) | <0.001 |
| RBC (K/μl) | 3.47 (2.94, 4.10) | 3.53 (2.98, 4.16) | 3.29 (2.80, 3.98) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.20 (8.70, 12.20) | 10.40 (8.80, 12.30) | 9.80 (8.30, 11.70) | <0.001 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 31.40 (26.80, 37.10) | 31.50 (27.10, 37.20) | 30.65 (26.00, 35.70) | 0.014 |
| RDW (%) | 15.10 (13.90, 17.20) | 14.90 (13.80, 16.80) | 16.10 (14.50, 18.20) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1 (0.70, 1.60) | 1 (0.70, 1.50) | 1.30 (0.90, 2.10) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 22 (14, 35) | 20 (13, 33) | 30.50 (19, 45) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 30 (16, 68) | 29 (16, 66) | 32 (17, 80) | 0.032 |
| AST (U/L) | 42 (24, 92) | 40 (23, 85) | 52 (27, 126) | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 138 (135, 141) | 138 (135, 141) | 137 (134, 141) | 0.072 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.10 (3.70, 4.70) | 4.10 (3.70, 4.60) | 4.20 (3.80, 4.90) | 0.004 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 133 (108, 171) | 131 (108, 169) | 137 (106, 188) | 0.117 |
| INR | 1.30 (1.20, 1.70) | 1.30 (1.20, 1.60) | 1.50 (1.30, 2.00) | <0.001 |
| PT (s) | 14.80 (13.10, 18.10) | 14.60 (13.00, 17.50) | 16.05 (13.80, 22.00) | <0.001 |
| PTT (s) | 33.05 (28.10, 45.60) | 32.40 (27.90, 42.80) | 36.85 (29.20, 58.70) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 1.80 (1.20, 2.85) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.60) | 2.30 (1.50, 3.90) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | 2.80 (2.40, 3.20) | 2.90 (2.40, 3.20) | 2.70 (2.30, 3.10) | <0.001 |
| PCO2 (mmHg) | 41 (35, 48) | 41 (35, 48) | 40 (33, 50) | 0.192 |
| PO2 (mmHg) | 84 (48, 156) | 89 (49, 167) | 66 (41, 111) | <0.001 |
| PH | 7.37 (7.30, 7.42) | 7.37 (7.31, 7.43) | 7.35 (7.26, 7.41) | <0.001 |
| Therapies, n (%) | ||||
| Vasopressor | 1,305 (65.51) | 971 (60.61) | 334 (85.64) | <0.001 |
| Ventilation | 1,757 (88.20) | 1,401 (87.45) | 356 (91.28) | 0.036 |
| CRRT | 203 (10.19) | 120 (7.49) | 83 (21.28) | <0.001 |
LAR, lactate to albumin ratio; SpO2, oxygen saturation; AKI, ccute kidney injury; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; APS III, acute physiology score III; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score II; CCI, charlson comorbidity index; PESI, pulmonary embolism severity index; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALT, aspartate aminotransferase; AST, alanine aminotransferase; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PO2, partial pressure of dioxide; PH, potential of hydrogen; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.