TEST	Sensitivity (95% CI)	Specificity (95% CI)	LR + / LR −	PV (+) / PV (−)*
Phalen	51.4% (43.2–59.6)	75.6% (66.5 – 84.7)	2.11 (1.40 – 3.16) / 0.64 (0.52 – 0.79)	26/91, 78/48
Hoffman-Tinel	23.2% (16.3 – 30.2)	87.2% (80.2 – 94.3)	1.82 (0.97 – 3.4) / 0.88 (0.78 – 0.99)	23/87, 76/40
Hypesthesia	51.4% (43.2 – 59.6)	84.9% (77.3 – 92.5)	3.40 (2.01 – 5.75) / 0.57 (0.47 – 0.69)	36/91, 85/51
APB weakness	66.2% (58.4 – 74.0)	66.3% (56.3 – 76.3)	1.96 (1.43 – 2.70) / 0.51 (0.39 – 0.67)	24/92, 77/54
Median nerve compression	28.2% (20.8 – 35.6)	74.4% (65.2 – 83.6)	1.10 (0.70 – 1.72) / 0.97 (0.82 – 1.13)	15/86, 65/38
Square-shaped wrist	69.0% (61.4 – 76.6)	73.3% (63.9 – 82.6)	2.58 (1.79 – 3.72) / 0.42 (0.32 – 0.56)	30/94, 81/58

^*PPV and NPV calculated for 2 different pre-test probabilities: 14% from CTS prevalence in DM study, 63% from CTS in patients referred for NCS studies for possible CTS.