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. 2025 Jun 6;125(11):3259–3272. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05820-3

Table 1.

Participants’ baseline characteristics

N 13
Age (yrs) 24 ± 5
Body composition
 Body mass (kg) 74.4 ± 7.0
 Fat mass (kg) 8.3 ± 3.7
 Fat free mass (kg) 66.1 ± 5.5
Physical activity habits and performance variables
 Total physical activity (METs-min/week) 5835 ± 2660
 Sedentary time (h/day) 6.3 ± 1.4
 Training experience (yrs) 5 ± 3
 Upper-body training (days/week) 3 ± 1
 Lower-body training (days/week) 2 ± 1
 Bench press (1RM/kg body mass) 1.29 ± 0.16
 Back squat (1RM/kg body mass) 1.88 ± 0.34
Dietary habits
 Energy intake (kcal/kg/day) 32.0 ± 1.93
 Protein (g/kg/day) 1.93 ± 0.78
 Carbohydrate (g/kg/day) 3.13 ± 0.79
 Fat (g/kg/day) 1.26 ± 0.48
 Total caffeine intake (mg/kg/day) 8.6 ± 6.7

Values are presented as mean ± SD

MET metabolic equivalent, 1RM one-repetition maximum