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. 2025 Oct 15;15:36014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19979-4

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Light micrographs showing transverse sections of cell wall thickness of different rose cultivars in the first leaflet the 5-leaflet leaf of the flowering stem. (A) Effect of non-application of silicon nano-chelate (N-Si) in ‘Jumilia’ (control), (B) effect of application of N-Si in ‘Jumilia’, (C) effect of non-application of N-Si in ‘Samurai’ (control), (D) effect of application of N-Si in ‘Samurai’.