. 2025 Oct 15;15:36014. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19979-4

Table 3.

Effect of cultivar (Cul), foliar spray silicon nano-chelate (N-Si), on the wall thickness, silicon content (Si), Boron (B), calcium (Ca), chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (Total Chl) and carotenoid (Car) content and leaf area of two cut Rose flowers (cv. ‘Jumilia’ and ‘Samurai’).

Treatments	+ Means of some measured parameters
	Cell wall thickness	Si	B	Ca	Chl a	Chl b	Total Chl	Car	Leaf area
	mm	µg g^− 1 DW		g kg-¹ DW	g kg^− 1 FW				cm²
Cultivar
Cul1	0.009 ± 0.002^a	0.546 ± 0.131^b	13.5 ± 2.51^b	1.03 ± 0.125^b	17.2 ± 2.78^a	7.69 ± 1.60^a	24.9 ± 4.11^a	16.7 ± 3.81^a	158 ± 19.01^a
Cul2	0.007 ± 0.003^a	0.722 ± 0.134^a	17.3 ± 2.62^a	1.13 ± 0.063^a	15.2 ± 2.58^a	6.82 ± 1.91^a	22.1 ± 4.36^a	14.7 ± 4.38^a	126 ± 14.7^b
Foliar spray status
Non-AP N-Si	0.006 ± 0.001^b	0.547 ± 0.118^b	16.4 ± 3.59^a	1.05 ± 0.133^a	15.06 ± 2.50^b	6.43 ± 1.60^b	21.5 ± 4.02^b	13.8 ± 3.59^b	133 ± 16^b
AP Si	0.010 ± 0.002^a	0.721 ± 0.142^a	14.5 ± 2.24^a	1.11 ± 0.069^a	17.4 ± 2.57^a	8.08 ± 1.52^a	25.5 ± 3.71^a	17.7 ± 3.66^a	151 ± 26^a
Significance
Cultivar (Cul)	ns	**	**	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
Silicon nano-chelate (N-Si)	**	**	ns	ns	*	**	**	**	**
Cul × N-Si	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	*	ns	ns	ns
CV%	28.9	16.03	15.4	6.82	14.9	20.1	15.5	21.6	9.86

*Significant at P = 0.05.

**Significant at P = 0.01.

ns Non-significant.

+Mean separation with column by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at α = 0.01. Means in the same column followed by the same letters are not statistically different at P = 0.01.

+ Within each column means followed by the same letters do not express significant differences according to LSD at P < 0.05.