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. 2025 Oct 2;16:1642817. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1642817

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Copyright © 2025 Shao, Lin and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A set of four panels depicting various biological and molecular analyses. Panel A shows dot plots of enrichment analysis for biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions, ranked by significance levels indicated by -log10(p-value). Panel B is a scatter plot illustrating selected biological processes with thermogenesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport. Panel C displays a complex interaction network diagram with genes like COA3 and CXCR5 connected by lines. Panel D consists of two smaller gene interaction networks, highlighting connections between genes such as ICAM2 and CD79B. — Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of candidate genes. (A) GO Enrichment Analysis.The results of the functional enrichment analysis conducted on the 31 candidate genes. Significant GO terms included "mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly" (BP), "mitochondrial inner membrane" (CC), and "SNAP receptor activity" (MF) (B) KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs included "thermogenesis", "SNARE interactions in vesicular transport", and "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis". (C) PPI Network of Candidate Genes. Construction of the PPI network and selection of hub genes. (D) Two key modules in the PPI network were ascertained. The 10 genes within these two modules were selected as hub genes for further analysis.