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. 2025 Oct 2;16:1642817. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1642817

Figure 6.

Panel A shows a heatmap of immune cell types in CON and ADHD groups, with colors ranging from blue (low) to yellow (high). Panel B is a box plot comparing cell infiltration scores between groups. Panel C presents a correlation matrix for select immune cells, with values color-coded from blue (negative) to yellow (positive). Panel D shows a scatter plot of correlations between cell types and markers CD180 and COA3, with points sized by significance.

Immune infiltration dysregulation and biomarker associations in ADHD. (A) Immune cell composition across groups. The heatmap depicting the i mmune infiltration status of 28 immune cell types. (B) Differential immune infiltration. Bar plot comparing five immune cell types with significant differences (P < 0.05) between ADHD patients and controls (P < 0.05). (C) Correlation analysis of these differentially infiltrated immune cells demonstrated a strong positive association between mast cells and eosinophils (cor = 0.91, P < 0.05) and a robust negative correlation between γδ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (cor = -0.62, P < 0.05) (D) Biomarker-immune cell correlations. Scatter plots and coefficients show relationships between CD180/COA3 and immune cells. γδ T cells had the strongest positive correlation with CD180 (cor = 0.62, P < 0.05) and COA3 (cor = 0.58, P < 0.05), whereas eosinophils showed the strongest negative correlation with CD180 (cor = -0.7, P < 0.05) and COA3 (cor = -0.46, P < 0.05).